diff --git a/crates/ironrdp-session/src/rfx.rs b/crates/ironrdp-session/src/rfx.rs
index a151ff024b..abb092b0a9 100644
--- a/crates/ironrdp-session/src/rfx.rs
+++ b/crates/ironrdp-session/src/rfx.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl DecodingContext {
         let mut final_update_rectangle = clipping_rectangles.extents.clone();
 
         for (update_rectangle, tile_data) in tiles_to_rectangles(tile_set.tiles.as_slice(), destination)
-            .zip(map_tiles_data(tile_set.tiles.as_slice(), tile_set.quants.as_slice()))
+            .zip(map_tiles_data(tile_set.tiles.as_slice(), tile_set.quants.as_slice())?)
         {
             decode_tile(
                 &tile_data,
@@ -266,16 +266,28 @@ fn tiles_to_rectangles<'a>(
     })
 }
 
-fn map_tiles_data<'a>(tiles: &[Tile<'a>], quants: &[Quant]) -> Vec<TileData<'a>> {
+fn map_tiles_data<'a>(tiles: &[Tile<'a>], quants: &[Quant]) -> SessionResult<Vec<TileData<'a>>> {
+    let quant = |index: u8| {
+        quants.get(usize::from(index)).cloned().ok_or_else(|| {
+            reason_err!(
+                "rfx::DecodingContext",
+                "tile quant index {index} out of range for numQuant {}",
+                quants.len()
+            )
+        })
+    };
+
     tiles
         .iter()
-        .map(|t| TileData {
-            quants: [
-                quants[usize::from(t.y_quant_index)].clone(),
-                quants[usize::from(t.cb_quant_index)].clone(),
-                quants[usize::from(t.cr_quant_index)].clone(),
-            ],
-            data: [t.y_data, t.cb_data, t.cr_data],
+        .map(|t| {
+            Ok(TileData {
+                quants: [
+                    quant(t.y_quant_index)?,
+                    quant(t.cb_quant_index)?,
+                    quant(t.cr_quant_index)?,
+                ],
+                data: [t.y_data, t.cb_data, t.cr_data],
+            })
         })
         .collect()
 }
diff --git a/crates/ironrdp-testsuite-core/tests/session/rfx.rs b/crates/ironrdp-testsuite-core/tests/session/rfx.rs
index a39fc862bf..cd99286b6b 100644
--- a/crates/ironrdp-testsuite-core/tests/session/rfx.rs
+++ b/crates/ironrdp-testsuite-core/tests/session/rfx.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use ironrdp_pdu::ReadCursor;
 use ironrdp_pdu::geometry::InclusiveRectangle;
 use ironrdp_session::image::DecodedImage;
 use ironrdp_session::rfx::DecodingContext;
+use rstest::rstest;
 
 const IMAGE_WIDTH: usize = 64;
 const IMAGE_HEIGHT: usize = 64;
@@ -32,6 +33,54 @@ fn decode_decodes_valid_sequence_of_messages() {
     assert_eq!(expected, image.data());
 }
 
+/// Each quantization index of a [2.2.2.3.4.1] TS_RFX_TILE "specifies an index into the TS_RFX_CODEC_QUANT
+/// array provided in the TS_RFX_TILESET message". An index past the end is a decoding error, not a panic.
+///
+/// [2.2.2.3.4.1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rdprfx/89e669ed-b6dd-4591-a267-73a72bc6d84e
+#[rstest]
+#[case::y_out_of_range(1, [1, 0, 0])]
+#[case::cb_out_of_range(1, [0, 1, 0])]
+#[case::cr_out_of_range(1, [0, 0, 1])]
+#[case::no_quantization_tables(0, [0, 0, 0])]
+fn decode_rejects_tile_quant_index_out_of_range(#[case] quant_count: usize, #[case] quant_indexes: [u8; 3]) {
+    use ironrdp_pdu::Decode as _;
+    use ironrdp_pdu::codecs::rfx::{Block, CodecChannel};
+
+    let destination = InclusiveRectangle {
+        left: 0,
+        top: 0,
+        right: u16::try_from(IMAGE_WIDTH).unwrap() - 1,
+        bottom: u16::try_from(IMAGE_HEIGHT).unwrap() - 1,
+    };
+
+    // Re-encode the valid sequence with only the tileset changed.
+    let mut src = ReadCursor::new(ENCODED_MESSAGES.as_ref());
+    let mut encoded = Vec::new();
+    while !src.is_empty() {
+        let mut block = Block::decode(&mut src).unwrap();
+        if let Block::CodecChannel(CodecChannel::TileSet(tile_set)) = &mut block {
+            tile_set.quants.truncate(quant_count);
+            let [y, cb, cr] = quant_indexes;
+            tile_set.tiles[0].y_quant_index = y;
+            tile_set.tiles[0].cb_quant_index = cb;
+            tile_set.tiles[0].cr_quant_index = cr;
+        }
+        encoded.extend(ironrdp_core::encode_vec(&block).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    let mut image = DecodedImage::new(
+        PixelFormat::BgrX32,
+        IMAGE_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap(),
+        IMAGE_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap(),
+    );
+
+    let error = DecodingContext::default()
+        .decode(&mut image, &destination, &mut ReadCursor::new(&encoded))
+        .unwrap_err();
+
+    assert!(error.to_string().contains("quant"), "unexpected error: {error}");
+}
+
 const ENCODED_MESSAGES: [u8; 2970] = [
     /* HEADERS as in 4.2.2 */
     0xc0, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xca, 0xac, 0xcc, 0xca, 0x00, 0x01, 0xc3, 0xcc, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,