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// 冒泡排序 — 核心实现
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
// 冒泡排序函数 - 对整数向量进行升序排序
// 参数: a - 待排序的整数向量(原地排序,直接修改原向量)
// 特性: 包含提前退出优化,当数组已排序时可快速终止
void bubble_sort(std::vector<int>& a) {
size_t n = a.size(); // 获取向量长度
if (n < 2) return; // 边界检查:如果元素少于2个,直接返回(已排序)
// 外层循环:控制排序轮次,最多执行n-1轮
for (size_t i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
bool swapped = false; // 标记本轮是否发生交换
// 内层循环:从索引1开始比较相邻元素
// n-i: 每轮排序后,最大的i个元素已就位,无需再比较
for (size_t j = 1; j < n - i; ++j) {
// 如果前一个元素大于当前元素,交换它们的位置
if (a[j - 1] > a[j]) {
std::swap(a[j - 1], a[j]); // 交换相邻元素
swapped = true; // 设置交换标志为true
}
}
// 提前退出优化:如果本轮没有发生任何交换,说明数组已经有序
if (!swapped) break; // 已经有序,提前退出
}
}
// 示例演示:编译此文件后运行将打印排序前后的数组
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::vector<int> a = {5, 1, 4, 2, 8, 3};
std::cout << "Before: ";
for (int v : a) std::cout << v << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
bubble_sort(a);
std::cout << "After: ";
for (int v : a) std::cout << v << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
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