diff --git a/src/lib/format.ts b/src/lib/format.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e0d07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/format.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+const formatCache = new Map<string, Intl.NumberFormat | Intl.DateTimeFormat>();
+
+export function formatNumber(value: number, options?: { locale?: string; maximumFractionDigits?: number }): string {
+  const locale = options?.locale || 'en-US';
+  const digits = options?.maximumFractionDigits ?? 2;
+  const key = 
+um__;
+  if (!formatCache.has(key)) {
+    formatCache.set(key, new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, { maximumFractionDigits: digits }));
+  }
+  return (formatCache.get(key) as Intl.NumberFormat).format(value);
+}
+
+export function formatCurrency(value: number, currency = 'USDC', locale = 'en-US'): string {
+  const formatted = formatNumber(value, { locale });
+  return ${formatted} ;
+}
+
+export function formatDate(value: string | number | Date, locale = 'en-US'): string {
+  const date = typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number' ? new Date(value) : value;
+  const key = date_;
+  if (!formatCache.has(key)) {
+    formatCache.set(key, new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, { dateStyle: 'medium' }));
+  }
+  return (formatCache.get(key) as Intl.DateTimeFormat).format(date);
+}
+
+export function formatDateTime(value: string | number | Date, locale = 'en-US'): string {
+  const date = typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number' ? new Date(value) : value;
+  const key = dt_;
+  if (!formatCache.has(key)) {
+    formatCache.set(key, new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, { dateStyle: 'medium', timeStyle: 'short' }));
+  }
+  return (formatCache.get(key) as Intl.DateTimeFormat).format(date);
+}
+
+export function formatPercent(value: number, locale = 'en-US'): string {
+  const key = pct_;
+  if (!formatCache.has(key)) {
+    formatCache.set(key, new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, { style: 'percent', maximumFractionDigits: 1 }));
+  }
+  return (formatCache.get(key) as Intl.NumberFormat).format(value);
+}
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