diff --git a/conformance/tests/test_manifest_ref_draft_vectors.py b/conformance/tests/test_manifest_ref_draft_vectors.py
index 66e45967..3705c63f 100644
--- a/conformance/tests/test_manifest_ref_draft_vectors.py
+++ b/conformance/tests/test_manifest_ref_draft_vectors.py
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 import Ed25519PublicKey
 
 VECTOR_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "vectors" / "manifest-ref-v0.3-draft"
-VECTORS = [json.loads(p.read_text()) for p in sorted(VECTOR_DIR.glob("[0-9][0-9]-*.json"))]
+VECTORS = [
+    json.loads(p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) for p in sorted(VECTOR_DIR.glob("[0-9][0-9]-*.json"))
+]
 MUTANTS = (
     "trusts_asserted_result",
     "unresolved_is_pass",
diff --git a/conformance/tests/vectors/manifest-ref-v0.3-draft/generate.py b/conformance/tests/vectors/manifest-ref-v0.3-draft/generate.py
index 165f4067..0818c346 100644
--- a/conformance/tests/vectors/manifest-ref-v0.3-draft/generate.py
+++ b/conformance/tests/vectors/manifest-ref-v0.3-draft/generate.py
@@ -144,4 +144,6 @@ def vectors() -> list[dict]:
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     for v in vectors():
-        (HERE / f"{v['name']}.json").write_text(json.dumps(v, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
+        (HERE / f"{v['name']}.json").write_text(
+            json.dumps(v, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n", encoding="utf-8", newline=""
+        )