diff --git a/src/content/github/file/main.tsx b/src/content/github/file/main.tsx
index 0e81545..4e8e7ed 100644
--- a/src/content/github/file/main.tsx
+++ b/src/content/github/file/main.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ import {
   lineSelector,
   noVirtLineSelector,
 } from "./utils/constants";
+import {
+  waitForElement,
+  ElementNotFoundError,
+} from "./utils/waitForElement";
 import {
   animateAndAnnotateLines,
   clearAnimation,
@@ -78,9 +82,15 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
       print("file not detected at current URL");
       return;
     }
-    globals.coverageButton = createCoverageButton();
+    globals.coverageButton = await createCoverageButton();
     await process(urlMetadata);
   } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof ElementNotFoundError) {
+      // Raw button not present on this page (e.g. binary files or GitHub DOM
+      // not yet rendered). This is expected on some file types — skip silently.
+      print("Raw button not found, skipping coverage overlay");
+      return;
+    }
     if (Sentry) {
       Sentry.captureException(e);
     }
@@ -162,16 +172,24 @@ async function process(metadata: FileMetadata): Promise<void> {
       previousElement: globals.coverageButton!,
       selectedOptions: selectedFlags,
       onClick: handleFlagClick,
-    }).then(({ button, list }) => {
-      globals.flagsButton = button;
-      globals.flagsDrop = new Drop({
-        target: button,
-        content: list,
-        classes: "drop-theme-arrows codecov-z1 codecov-bg-white",
-        position: "bottom right",
-        openOn: "click",
+    })
+      .then(({ button, list }) => {
+        globals.flagsButton = button;
+        globals.flagsDrop = new Drop({
+          target: button,
+          content: list,
+          classes: "drop-theme-arrows codecov-z1 codecov-bg-white",
+          position: "bottom right",
+          openOn: "click",
+        });
+      })
+      .catch((e) => {
+        if (e instanceof ElementNotFoundError) {
+          print("Raw button not found, skipping flags dropdown");
+          return;
+        }
+        throw e;
       });
-    });
   }
 
   const components = await getComponents(metadata);
@@ -201,16 +219,24 @@ async function process(metadata: FileMetadata): Promise<void> {
       previousElement: globals.coverageButton!,
       onClick: handleComponentClick,
       selectedOptions: selectedComponents,
-    }).then(({ button, list }) => {
-      globals.componentsButton = button;
-      globals.componentsDrop = new Drop({
-        target: button,
-        content: list,
-        classes: "drop-theme-arrows codecov-z1 codecov-bg-white",
-        position: "bottom right",
-        openOn: "click",
+    })
+      .then(({ button, list }) => {
+        globals.componentsButton = button;
+        globals.componentsDrop = new Drop({
+          target: button,
+          content: list,
+          classes: "drop-theme-arrows codecov-z1 codecov-bg-white",
+          position: "bottom right",
+          openOn: "click",
+        });
+      })
+      .catch((e) => {
+        if (e instanceof ElementNotFoundError) {
+          print("Raw button not found, skipping components dropdown");
+          return;
+        }
+        throw e;
       });
-    });
   }
 
   // If commit sha is defined use that, otherwise just branch name
@@ -291,11 +317,8 @@ async function process(metadata: FileMetadata): Promise<void> {
   animateAndAnnotateLines(noVirtLineSelector, annotateLine);
 }
 
-function createCoverageButton() {
-  const rawButton = document.querySelector('[data-testid="raw-button"]');
-  if (!rawButton) {
-    throw new Error("Raw button not found");
-  }
+async function createCoverageButton() {
+  const rawButton = await waitForElement('[data-testid="raw-button"]');
   const codecovButton = rawButton.cloneNode(true) as HTMLElement;
   codecovButton.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
     event.preventDefault();
diff --git a/src/content/github/file/utils/dropdown.tsx b/src/content/github/file/utils/dropdown.tsx
index 0a23048..a92e658 100644
--- a/src/content/github/file/utils/dropdown.tsx
+++ b/src/content/github/file/utils/dropdown.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import browser from "webextension-polyfill";
 import _ from "lodash";
 import React from "dom-chef";
+import { waitForElement } from "./waitForElement";
 
 export async function createDropdown({
   title,
@@ -17,10 +18,7 @@ export async function createDropdown({
   previousElement: HTMLElement;
   selectedOptions: string[];
 }) {
-  const rawButton = document.querySelector('[data-testid="raw-button"]');
-  if (!rawButton) {
-    throw new Error("Raw button not found");
-  }
+  const rawButton = await waitForElement('[data-testid="raw-button"]');
   const dropdownButton = rawButton.cloneNode(true) as HTMLElement;
   const textNode = dropdownButton.querySelector('[data-component="text"]');
   if (!textNode || !textNode.parentElement)
diff --git a/src/content/github/file/utils/waitForElement.ts b/src/content/github/file/utils/waitForElement.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc02f3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/content/github/file/utils/waitForElement.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Thrown by waitForElement when the element does not appear within the timeout.
+ */
+export class ElementNotFoundError extends Error {
+  constructor(selector: string, timeoutMs: number) {
+    super(`Element "${selector}" not found within ${timeoutMs}ms`);
+    this.name = "ElementNotFoundError";
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Waits for a DOM element matching `selector` to appear in the document.
+ * Uses MutationObserver for efficiency. Resolves with the element when found,
+ * or rejects with an ElementNotFoundError after `timeoutMs` milliseconds.
+ */
+export function waitForElement(
+  selector: string,
+  timeoutMs = 5000
+): Promise<Element> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const existing = document.querySelector(selector);
+    if (existing) {
+      resolve(existing);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let timeoutId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
+
+    const observer = new MutationObserver(() => {
+      const el = document.querySelector(selector);
+      if (el) {
+        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+        observer.disconnect();
+        resolve(el);
+      }
+    });
+
+    observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
+
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+      observer.disconnect();
+      reject(new ElementNotFoundError(selector, timeoutMs));
+    }, timeoutMs);
+  });
+}