diff --git a/src/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp b/src/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
index e5a7d4ff0f2..3fdd85ce2e5 100644
--- a/src/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
+++ b/src/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
@@ -5617,12 +5617,29 @@ void smt2_convt::find_symbols(const exprt &expr)
       convert_type(array_type);
       out << ")" << "\n";
 
-      if(!is_zero_width(array_type.element_type(), ns))
+      // Per-element constraints enumerate indices via from_integer(i,
+      // index_type), so the index type must be one from_integer can build a
+      // constant for: an integer/bitvector type or a C enum. A c_enum_tag is
+      // followed to its underlying c_enum type (from_integer has no c_enum_tag
+      // branch). Arrays keyed by some other domain (e.g. Strata's `Map Ref _`,
+      // a struct or pointer key) are left unconstrained -- a sound
+      // over-approximation.
+      const typet &idx_t = array_type.index_type();
+      const typet &index_constant_type =
+        idx_t.id() == ID_c_enum_tag
+          ? static_cast<const typet &>(ns.follow_tag(to_c_enum_tag_type(idx_t)))
+          : idx_t;
+      const bool enumerable_index =
+        can_cast_type<integer_bitvector_typet>(index_constant_type) ||
+        index_constant_type.id() == ID_bv ||
+        index_constant_type.id() == ID_integer ||
+        index_constant_type.id() == ID_c_enum;
+      if(!is_zero_width(array_type.element_type(), ns) && enumerable_index)
       {
         for(std::size_t i = 0; i < expr.operands().size(); i++)
         {
           out << "(assert (= (select " << id << " ";
-          convert_expr(from_integer(i, array_type.index_type()));
+          convert_expr(from_integer(i, index_constant_type));
           out << ") "; // select
           if(array_type.element_type().id() == ID_bool && !use_array_of_bool)
           {
diff --git a/unit/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp b/unit/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
index 80ebbcffcad..03af8a645ff 100644
--- a/unit/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
+++ b/unit/solvers/smt2/smt2_conv.cpp
@@ -199,3 +199,86 @@ TEST_CASE(
 
   REQUIRE(out.str().find("(_ bv4607182418800017408 64)") != std::string::npos);
 }
+
+/// Helper: the full SMT2 text emitted by set_to for \p expr (used to inspect
+/// the array-constructor substitute produced by find_symbols).
+static std::string set_to_output(const namespacet &ns, const exprt &expr)
+{
+  std::ostringstream out;
+  smt2_convt conv(
+    ns, "test", "", "QF_AUFBV", smt2_convt::solvert::GENERIC, out);
+  conv.set_to(expr, true);
+  return out.str();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE(
+  "smt2_convt array literal with an integer index is enumerated",
+  "[core][solvers][smt2]")
+{
+  symbol_tablet symbol_table;
+  const namespacet ns{symbol_table};
+
+  const unsignedbv_typet element_type{8};
+  const array_typet array_type{element_type, from_integer(2, size_type())};
+  const array_exprt array_literal{
+    {from_integer(1, element_type), from_integer(2, element_type)}, array_type};
+  const symbol_exprt array_symbol{"arr", array_type};
+
+  const std::string output =
+    set_to_output(ns, equal_exprt{array_symbol, array_literal});
+
+  // an integer index type is enumerable: per-element select constraints emitted
+  REQUIRE(output.find("(select array.") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE(
+  "smt2_convt array literal with a c_enum_tag index is enumerated",
+  "[core][solvers][smt2]")
+{
+  symbol_tablet symbol_table;
+  const c_enum_typet enum_type{unsignedbv_typet{32}};
+  const type_symbolt enum_symbol{"my_enum", enum_type, ID_C};
+  symbol_table.insert(enum_symbol);
+  const namespacet ns{symbol_table};
+  const c_enum_tag_typet enum_tag{enum_symbol.name};
+
+  const unsignedbv_typet element_type{8};
+  array_typet array_type{element_type, from_integer(2, size_type())};
+  array_type.index_type_nonconst() = enum_tag;
+  const array_exprt array_literal{
+    {from_integer(1, element_type), from_integer(2, element_type)}, array_type};
+  const symbol_exprt array_symbol{"arr", array_type};
+
+  const std::string output =
+    set_to_output(ns, equal_exprt{array_symbol, array_literal});
+
+  // a c_enum_tag index is followed to its underlying c_enum and enumerated;
+  // before the fix from_integer aborts on c_enum_tag
+  REQUIRE(output.find("(select array.") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE(
+  "smt2_convt array literal with a non-scalar index is left unconstrained",
+  "[core][solvers][smt2]")
+{
+  symbol_tablet symbol_table;
+  const namespacet ns{symbol_table};
+
+  const unsignedbv_typet element_type{8};
+  array_typet array_type{element_type, from_integer(2, size_type())};
+  // a struct (non-scalar) index type, as in Strata's `Map Ref _`
+  array_type.index_type_nonconst() = struct_typet{{{"x", unsignedbv_typet{8}}}};
+  const array_exprt array_literal{
+    {from_integer(1, element_type), from_integer(2, element_type)}, array_type};
+  const symbol_exprt array_symbol{"arr", array_type};
+
+  const std::string output =
+    set_to_output(ns, equal_exprt{array_symbol, array_literal});
+
+  // the array is still declared, but no per-element constraints are emitted:
+  // from_integer cannot build a constant of a struct index type, so the array
+  // is left unconstrained (a sound over-approximation)
+  REQUIRE(
+    output.find("substitute for an array constructor") != std::string::npos);
+  REQUIRE(output.find("(select array.") == std::string::npos);
+}