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+Title,Authors,Abstract,Published Year,Published Month,Journal,Volume,Issue,Pages,Accession Number,DOI,Ref,Covidence #,Study,Notes,Tags
+Oropouche Fever: A Review.,Sakkas H; Bozidis P; Franks A; Papadopoulou C,"Oropouche fever is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Oropouche virus (OROV), an arthropod transmitted Orthobunyavirus circulating in South and Central America. During the last 60 years, more than 30 epidemics and over half a million clinical cases attributed to OROV infection have been reported in Brazil, Peru, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago. OROV fever is considered the second most frequent arboviral febrile disease in Brazil after dengue fever. OROV is transmitted through both urban and sylvatic transmission cycles, with the primary vector in the urban cycle being the anthropophilic biting midge Culicoides paraensis. Currently, there is no evidence of direct human-to-human OROV transmission. OROV fever is usually either undiagnosed due to its mild, self-limited manifestations or misdiagnosed because its clinical characteristics are similar to dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever, including malaria as well. At present, there is no specific antiviral treatment, and in the absence of a vaccine for effective prophylaxis of human populations in endemic areas, the disease prevention relies solely on vector control strategies and personal protection measures. OROV fever is considered to have the potential to spread across the American continent and under favorable climatic conditions may expand its geographic distribution to other continents. In view of OROV's emergence, increased interest for formerly neglected tropical diseases and within the One Health concept, the existing knowledge and gaps of knowledge on OROV fever are reviewed.",2018,Apr,Viruses,10,4,,,10.3390/v10040175,29617280,#1,Sakkas 2018,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+"Oropouche fever, an emergent disease from the Americas.",Romero-Alvarez D; Escobar LE,"Oropouche virus is the aetiological agent of Oropouche fever, a zoonotic disease mainly transmitted by midges of the species Culicoides paraensis. Although the virus was discovered in 1955, more attention has been given recently to both the virus and the disease due to outbreaks of Oropouche fever in different areas of Brazil and Peru. Serological studies in human and wild mammals have also found Oropouche virus in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. Several mammals act as reservoirs of the disease, although the sylvatic cycle of Oropouche virus remains to be assessed properly. Oropouche fever lacks key symptoms to be differentiated from other arboviral febrile illnesses from the Americas. Sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis have also been described with good prognosis. Habitat loss can increase the likelihood of Oropouche virus emergence in the short-term in South America.",2018,Mar,Microbes Infect,20,3,135-146,,10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.013,29247710,#2,Romero-Alvarez 2018,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:43:37)(Select): This is another one to lean on in the write up; ,Review; useful although not included
+"Oropouche Virus: Clinical, Epidemiological, and Molecular Aspects of a Neglected Orthobunyavirus.",Travassos da Rosa JF; de Souza WM; Pinheiro FP; Figueiredo ML; Cardoso JF; Acrani GO; Nunes MRT,"AbstractOropouche virus (OROV) is an important cause of arboviral illness in Latin American countries, more specifically in the Amazon region of Brazil, Venezuela and Peru, as well as in other countries such as Panama. In the past decades, the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of OROV have been published and provide the basis for a better understanding of this important human pathogen. Here, we describe the milestones in a comprehensive review of OROV epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular biology, including a description of the first isolation of the virus, the outbreaks during the past six decades, clinical aspects of OROV infection, diagnostic methods, genome and genetic traits, evolution, and viral dispersal.",2017,May,Am J Trop Med Hyg,96,5,1019-1030,,10.4269/ajtmh.16-0672,28167595,#3,TravassosdaRosa 2017,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Christian Morgenstern (2024-08-10 00:30:38)(Select): has useful genotype map; Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:41:20)(Select): Yes this'll be a good thing to cite in the write-up; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:29:20)(Select): genomic analysis; ",Review
+"Baseline mapping of Oropouche virology, epidemiology, therapeutics, and vaccine research and development.",Files MA; Hansen CA; Herrera VC; Schindewolf C; Barrett ADT; Beasley DWC; Bourne N; Milligan GN,"Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod-borne orthobunyavirus found in South America and causes Oropouche fever, a febrile infection similar to dengue. It is the second most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in South America after dengue. Over 500,000 cases have been diagnosed since the virus was first discovered in 1955; however, this is likely a significant underestimate given the limited availability of diagnostics. No fatalities have been reported to date, however, up to 60% of cases have a recurrent phase of disease within one month of recovery from the primary disease course. The main arthropod vector is the biting midge Culicoides paraensis, which has a geographic range as far north as the United States and demonstrates the potential for OROV to geographically expand. The transmission cycle is incompletely understood and vertebrate hosts include both non-human primates and birds further supporting the potential ability of the virus to spread. A number of candidate antivirals have been evaluated against OROV in vitro but none showed antiviral activity. Surprisingly, there is only one report in the literature on candidate vaccines. We suggest that OROV is an undervalued pathogen much like chikungunya, Schmallenberg, and Zika viruses were before they emerged. Overall, OROV is an important emerging disease that has been under-investigated and has the potential to cause large epidemics in the future. Further research, in particular candidate vaccines, is needed for this important pathogen.",2022,Mar,NPJ Vaccines,7,1,38,,10.1038/s41541-022-00456-2,35301331,#10,Files 2022,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+"Oropouche virus - The ""Newest"" invisible public enemy?",Silva-Júnior EFD,"This perspective underscores the rising challenge posed by emerging diseases against the backdrop of modern advancements in global public health understanding. It particularly highlights the emergence of the Oropouche virus (OROV) as a significant global threat, detailing its transmission dynamics, symptoms, and epidemiological impact, with a focus on its historical and current manifestations. It further delves into the molecular aspects of OROV, elucidating its unique characteristics, lack of structural similarity with other arboviruses, and the limited progress in medicinal chemistry research. Still, it highlights notable studies on potential antiviral agents and the challenges in drug development, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches such as structure-based drug design (SBDD) and drug repurposing. Finally, it concludes with a call to action, urging increased attention and research focus on OROV to prevent potential future pandemics fueled by viral mutations.",2024,Jul,Bioorg Med Chem,109,,117797,,10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117797,38879995,#15,Silva-JúniorEFD 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Review
+Presence and Multi-Species Spatial Distribution of Oropouche Virus in Brazil within the One Health Framework.,Sciancalepore S; Schneider MC; Kim J; Galan DI; Riviere-Cinnamond A,"Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with high epidemic potential, causing illness in more than 500,000 people. Primarily contracted through its midge and mosquito vectors, OROV remains prevalent in its wild, non-human primate and sloth reservoir hosts as well. This virus is spreading across Latin America; however, the majority of cases occur in Brazil. The aim of this research is to document OROV's presence in Brazil using the One Health approach and geospatial techniques. A scoping review of the literature (2000 to 2021) was conducted to collect reports of this disease in humans and animal species. Data were then geocoded by first and second subnational levels and species to map OROV's spread. In total, 14 of 27 states reported OROV presence across 67 municipalities (second subnational level). However, most of the cases were in the northern region, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome. OROV was identified in humans, four vector species, four genera of non-human primates, one sloth species, and others. Utilizing One Health was important to understand the distribution of OROV across several species and to suggest possible environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic drivers of the virus's presence. As deforestation, climate change, and migration rates increase, further study into the spillover potential of this disease is needed.",2022,Jun,Trop Med Infect Dis,7,6,,,10.3390/tropicalmed7060111,35736989,#16,Sciancalepore 2022,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review; useful although not included
+Observational Characterization of the Ecological and Environmental Features Associated with the Presence of Oropouche Virus and the Primary Vector Culicoides paraenesis: Data Synthesis and Systematic Review.,Walsh CES; Robert MA; Christofferson RC,"Oropouche virus (OROV), a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) and is the etiologic agent of human and animal disease. The primary vector of OROV is presumed to be the biting midge, Culicoides paraenesis, though Culex quinquefasciatus, Cq. venezuelensis, and Aedes serratus mosquitoes are considered secondary vectors. The objective of this systematic review is to characterize locations where OROV and/or its primary vector have been detected. Synthesis of known data through review of published literature regarding OROV and vectors was carried out through two independent searches: one search targeted to OROV, and another targeted towards the primary vector. A total of 911 records were returned, but only 90 (9.9%) articles satisfied all inclusion criteria. When locations were characterized, some common features were noted more frequently than others, though no one characteristic was significantly associated with presence of OROV using a logistic classification model. In a separate correlation analysis, vector presence was significantly correlated only with the presence of restingas. The lack of significant relationships is likely due to the paucity of data regarding OROV and its eco-epidemiology and highlights the importance of continued focus on characterizing this and other neglected tropical diseases.",2021,Aug,Trop Med Infect Dis,6,3,,,10.3390/tropicalmed6030143,34449725,#20,WalshCES 2021,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 22:00:44)(Screen): risk factors?; ,Review
+An Overview of Neglected Orthobunyaviruses in Brazil.,Dias HG; Dos Santos FB; Pauvolid-Corrêa A,"Dozens of orthobunyaviruses have been isolated in Brazil, and at least thirteen have been associated with human disease. The Oropouche virus has received most attention for having caused explosive epidemics with hundreds of thousands of cases in the north region between the 1960sand the 1980s, and since then has been sporadically detected elsewhere in the country. Despite their importance, little is known about their enzootic cycles of transmission, amplifying hosts and vectors, and biotic and abiotic factors involved in spillover events to humans. This overview aims to combine available data of neglected orthobunyaviruses of several serogroups, namely, Anopheles A, Anopheles B, Bunyamwera, California, Capim, Gamboa, Group C, Guama, Simbu and Turlock, in order to evaluate the current knowledge and identify research gaps in their natural transmission cycles in Brazil to ultimately point to the future direction in which orthobunyavirus research should be guided.",2022,May,Viruses,14,5,,,10.3390/v14050987,35632729,#31,Dias 2022,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Surging Oropouche virus (OROV) cases in the Americas: A public health challenge.,Mohapatra RK; Mishra S; Satapathy P; Kandi V; Tuglo LS,,2024,Jun,New Microbes New Infect,59,,101243,,10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101243,38586178,#32,Mohapatra 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Letter
+[Oropouche Virus: what is it and how it is transmitted?].,Valero N,,2017,Mar,Invest Clin,58,1,1-2,,,29938991,#39,Valero 2017,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez (2024-08-13 05:19:27)(Select): editorial, mentions estimates from MoH data, included because mentions historical or any outbreak in humans -- size, year, location, duration, spatial scale (local, regional, national, international). But potentially overlaps with other papers from Peru, please check; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-14 18:47:27)(Select): If it isn't originally reported data then we can exclude as that can be pulled from the MoH instead. My spanish is not good enough to screen so if you agree its all reported and cited from MoH then please exclude; ",Spanish
+"Review on Main Arboviruses Circulating on French Guiana, An Ultra-Peripheric European Region in South America.",Bonifay T; Le Turnier P; Epelboin Y; Carvalho L; De Thoisy B; Djossou F; Duchemin JB; Dussart P; Enfissi A; Lavergne A; Mutricy R; Nacher M; Rabier S; Talaga S; Talarmin A; Rousset D; Epelboin L,"French Guiana (FG), a French overseas territory in South America, is susceptible to tropical diseases, including arboviruses. The tropical climate supports the proliferation and establishment of vectors, making it difficult to control transmission. In the last ten years, FG has experienced large outbreaks of imported arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika, as well as endemic arboviruses such as dengue, Yellow fever, and Oropouche virus. Epidemiological surveillance is challenging due to the differing distributions and behaviors of vectors. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge of these arboviruses in FG and discuss the challenges of arbovirus emergence and reemergence. Effective control measures are hampered by the nonspecific clinical presentation of these diseases, as well as the Aedes aegypti mosquito's resistance to insecticides. Despite the high seroprevalence of certain viruses, the possibility of new epidemics cannot be ruled out. Therefore, active epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify potential outbreaks, and an adequate sentinel surveillance system and broad virological diagnostic panel are being developed in FG to improve disease management.",2023,May,Viruses,15,6,,,10.3390/v15061268,37376570,#44,Bonifay 2023,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Sylvatic cycles of arboviruses in non-human primates.,Valentine MJ; Murdock CC; Kelly PJ,"Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. We also present current putative data that Mayaro, o'nyong'nyong, Oropouche, Spondweni and Lumbo viruses exist in sylvatic cycles.",2019,Oct,Parasit Vectors,12,1,463,,10.1186/s13071-019-3732-0,31578140,#48,Valentine 2019,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+IFN-α as a time-sensitive biomarker during Oropouche virus infection in early and late seroconverters.,de Oliveira E; Azevedo RDSS; Coelho-Dos-Reis JG; Antonelli LRDV; Ferreira MS; Campi-Azevedo AC; Costa-Silva MF; Martins LC; Chiang JO; Teixeira-Carvalho A; Martins-Filho OA; Vasconcelos PFC,"In the present study, patients with acute OROV fever were classified as early seroconverters (IgM/IgG positive at baseline) or late seroconverters (IgM/IgG negative at baseline) and the timeline kinetics of the production of chemokines and cytokines were assessed at 1-3, 4-7, 8-10 and ≥11 days after patients have reported the first symptoms. Regardless immunoglobulin profile, all OROV fever patients presented higher levels of CXCL8, and IFN-α and lower levels of TNF and IL-10 at baseline as compared to healthy donors (HD). Lower levels of CCL2, CXCL10, and IFN-γ and higher levels of CCL2, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-17A were detected in early and late seroconverters, respectively, as compared to HD. While early seroconverters presented the increasing levels of CCL2 along the timeline, late seroconverters displayed decreasing levels of CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-6 following days of disease onset. Noteworthy was that IFN-α was revealed as universal biomarker of human OROV fever, while CXCL8 & IL-5 and CXCL10 & IL-17 were consistently observed in early and late seroconverters, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that the production of IFN-α, CXCL10, and IL-17 precede the seroconversion bringing novel insights on the immunological events triggered by the OROV disease.",2019,Nov,Sci Rep,9,1,17924,,10.1038/s41598-019-54223-w,31784575,#59,deOliveira 2019,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",in vitro; useful although not included
+Little-known virus is on the rise in South America.,Moutinho S,Deforestation and climate change may be helping Oropouche virus spread far beyond the Amazon Basin.,2024,Jun,Science,384,6700,1052-1053,,10.1126/science.adq8852,38843341,#67,Moutinho 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Anna-Maria Hartner (2024-08-13 00:21:28)(Select): Maybe incl. for outbreak mention?
+; ",""
+"Culicoides biting midges, arboviruses and public health in Europe.",Carpenter S; Groschup MH; Garros C; Felippe-Bauer ML; Purse BV,"The emergence of multiple strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) and the recent discovery of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in Europe have highlighted the fact that exotic Culicoides-borne arboviruses from remote geographic areas can enter and spread rapidly in this region. This review considers the potential for this phenomenon to impact on human health in Europe, by examining evidence of the role of Culicoides biting midges in the zoonotic transmission and person-to-person spread of arboviruses worldwide. To date, the only arbovirus identified as being primarily transmitted by Culicoides to and between humans is Oropouche virus (OROV). This member of the genus Orthobunyavirus causes major epidemics of febrile illness in human populations of South and Central America and the Caribbean. We examine factors promoting sustained outbreaks of OROV in Brazil from an entomological perspective and assess aspects of the epidemiology of this arbovirus that are currently poorly understood, but may influence the risk of incursion into Europe. We then review the secondary and rarely reported role of Culicoides in the transmission of high-profile zoonotic infections, while critically reviewing evidence of this phenomenon in endemic transmission and place this in context with the presence of other potential vector groups in Europe. Scenarios for the incursions of Culicoides-borne human-to-human transmitted and zoonotic arboviruses are then discussed, along with control measures that could be employed to reduce their impact. These measures are placed in the context of legislative measures used during current and ongoing outbreaks of Culicoides-borne arboviruses in Europe, involving both veterinary and public health sectors.",2013,Oct,Antiviral Res,100,1,102-13,,10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.020,23933421,#70,Carpenter 2013,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 01:44:49)(Screen): would like to see full-text; ",Review; Vectors
+"A Review of Omics Studies on Arboviruses: Alphavirus, Orthobunyavirus and Phlebovirus.",Peinado RDS; Eberle RJ; Arni RK; Coronado MA,"Since the intricate and complex steps in pathogenesis and host-viral interactions of arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses are not completely understood, the multi-omics approaches, which encompass proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics and metabolomics network analysis, are of great importance. We have reviewed the omics studies on mosquito-borne viruses of the Togaviridae, Peribuyaviridae and Phenuiviridae families, specifically for Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche and Rift Valley Fever viruses. Omics studies can potentially provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of arboviruses, contributing to a better comprehension of these diseases and their effects and, hence, provide novel insights for the development of new antiviral drugs or therapies.",2022,Oct,Viruses,14,10,,,10.3390/v14102194,36298749,#72,PeinadoRDS 2022,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Richard Sheppard (2024-08-09 20:50:41)(Screen): Reveiw - possibly contains genomics parameters; ,Review
+Rapid detection of human pathogenic orthobunyaviruses.,Weidmann M; Rudaz V; Nunes MR; Vasconcelos PF; Hufert FT,"Modern detection and identification tools can help to provide answers to urgent questions about the incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology of currently emerging diseases. We developed highly sensitive one-step TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assays with sensitivities ranging from 10(4) to 10(1) molecules for 11 human pathogens of the orthobunyaviruses. We compared the performances of these assays on three currently available cyclers (ABI-PRISM 7700, LightCycler, and SmartCycler). The assay for Oropouche virus (OROV) was tested using sera collected from days 1 to 5 after onset of OROV disease and was found to be greatly superior to an established nested PCR system. A mean copy number of 1.31 x 10(7) OROV RNA/ml of serum was detected. Diagnostic RNA detection can be used as early as day 1 after onset of OROV disease. The use of a mobile SmartCycler and a hands-on time of less than 3 h could help to intensify outbreak surveillance and control, especially in field studies.",2003,Jul,J Clin Microbiol,41,7,3299-305,,10.1128/JCM.41.7.3299-3305.2003,12843078,#73,Weidmann 2003,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Kelly McCain (2024-08-12 18:38:41)(Select): development of a PCR test, not really an outbreak; ",PCR testing only (no sero); in vitro
+"Emergence of Human Arboviral Diseases in the Americas, 2000-2016.",Vasconcelos PF; Calisher CH,"In addition to individual or clusters of cases of human infections with arboviruses, the past 15 years has seen the emergence of newly recognized arboviruses and the re-emergence of others. Mentioned in this brief summary are Bourbon, Cache Valley, chikungunya, Heartland, Itaqui, Mayaro, Oropouche, Powassan, and Zika viruses, the latter being a remarkable occurrence.",2016,May,Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis,16,5,295-301,,10.1089/vbz.2016.1952,26991057,#78,Vasconcelos 2016,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 01:53:03)(Screen): possibly outbreaks; ,""
+[Oroupouche virus: towards a future emergence?].,Lavergne A; Enfissi A; Rousset D,,2024,Jun,Virologie (Montrouge),28,3,179-181,,10.1684/vir.2024.1055,38970339,#79,Lavergne 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Anna-Maria Hartner (2024-08-13 19:17:43)(Select): French; can't find/access?; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-14 02:59:24)(Select): requested from library; ,""
+Etiologies of Zoonotic Tropical Febrile Illnesses That Are Not Part of the Notifiable Diseases in Colombia.,Silva-Ramos CR; Faccini-Martínez ÁA; Serna-Rivera CC; Mattar S; Hidalgo M,"In Colombia, tropical febrile illnesses represent one of the most important causes of clinical attention. Febrile illnesses in the tropics are mainly zoonotic and have a broad etiology. The Colombian surveillance system monitors some notifiable diseases. However, several etiologies are not monitored by this system. In the present review, we describe eleven different etiologies of zoonotic tropical febrile illnesses that are not monitored by the Colombian surveillance system but have scientific, historical, and contemporary data that confirm or suggest their presence in different regions of the country: Anaplasma, Arenavirus, Bartonella, relapsing fever group Borrelia, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia, Hantavirus, Mayaro virus, Orientia, Oropouche virus, and Rickettsia. These could generate a risk for the local population, travelers, and immigrants, due to which they should be included in the mandatory notification system, considering their importance for Colombian public health.",2023,Aug,Microorganisms,11,9,,,10.3390/microorganisms11092154,37763998,#86,Silva-Ramos 2023,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:16:58)(Select): They quote some sero results from OTHER papers. Can check these are captured at the end.; ,Review
+Emergent arboviruses in Brazil.,Figueiredo LT,"Brazil is a large tropical country (8,514,215 km(2)) with 185,360,000 inhabitants. More than one third of its territory is covered by tropical forests or other natural ecosystems. These provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses, which are maintained in a large variety of zoonotic cycles. The risk that new arboviruses might emerge in Brazil is related to the existence of large, densely populated cities that are infested by mosquitoes such as Culex and the highly anthropophilic Aedes aegypti. Infected humans or animals may come into these cities from ecological-epidemiological settings where arbovirus zoonoses occur. This study analyzes the risk of emergence of the alphaviruses Mayaro, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis and Chikungunya; the flaviviruses yellow fever, Rocio, Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile; and the orthobunyavirus Oropouche.",2007,Mar-Apr,Rev Soc Bras Med Trop,40,2,224-9,,10.1590/s0037-86822007000200016,17568894,#87,Figueiredo 2007,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 01:56:49)(Select): Opinion article
+; Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 01:57:07)(Select): Has outbreaks from other papers; ",""
+Bibliometric analysis of Oropouche research: impact on the surveillance of emerging arboviruses in Latin America.,Culquichicón C; Cardona-Ospina JA; Patiño-Barbosa AM; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,"Given the emergence and reemergence of viral diseases, particularly in Latin America, we would like to provide an analysis of the patterns of research and publication on Oropouche virus (OROV). We also discuss the implications of recent epidemics in certain areas of South America, and how more clinical and epidemiological information regarding OROV is urgently needed.",2017,,F1000Res,6,,194,,10.12688/f1000research.10936.2,28357048,#91,Culquichicón 2017,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Review
+A bibliometric analysis of global research in Oropouche.,Rios-González CM,,2017,Sep,Travel Med Infect Dis,19,,61,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.08.010,28867220,#96,Rios-González 2017,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Letter; Review
+Preparedness for emerging epidemic threats: detection of Oropouche circulation in Cuba.,Toledo ME; Monteagudo Diaz S; Montenegro Calderón T; Kreppel K; Van Damme E; Vanlerberghe V,,2024,Aug,Lancet Infect Dis,24,8,e484,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00418-3,38972329,#103,Toledo 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Letter; Potential outbreak data; useful although not included
+Oropouche fever outbreak in Brazil: an emerging concern in Latin America.,Sah R; Srivastava S; Kumar S; Golmei P; Rahaman SA; Mehta R; Ferraz C; Apostolopoulos V; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,,2024,Jul,Lancet Microbe,,,,,10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00136-8,38971172,#111,Sah 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Richard Sheppard (2024-08-09 20:05:40)(Screen): Outbreaks, but at a summary level, may be overlapping with other sources; ",""
+Experimental infection of suckling mice by subcutaneous inoculation with Oropouche virus.,Santos RI; Almeida MF; Paula FE; Rodrigues AH; Saranzo AM; Paula AE; Silva ML; Correa VM; Acrani GO; Neder L; Arruda E,"Oropouche virus, of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, serogroup Simbu, is an important causative agent of arboviral febrile illness in Brazil. An estimated 500,000 cases of Oropouche fever have occurred in Brazil in the last 30 years, with recorded cases also in Panama, Peru, Suriname and Trinidad. We have developed an experimental model of Oropouche virus infection in neonatal BALB/c mouse by subcutaneous inoculation. The vast majority of infected animals developed disease on the 5th day post infection, characterized mainly by lethargy and paralysis, progressing to death within 10 days. Viral replication was documented in brain cells by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and virus titration. Multi-step immunohistochemistry indicated neurons as the main target cells of OROV infection. Histopathology revealed glial reaction and astrocyte activation in the brain and spinal cord, with neuronal apoptosis. Spleen hyperplasia and mild meningitis were also found, without viable virus detected in liver and spleen. This is the first report of an experimental mouse model of OROV infection, with severe involvement of the central nervous system, and should become useful in pathogenesis studies, as well as in preclinical testing of therapeutic interventions for this emerging pathogen.",2012,Dec,Virus Res,170,1-2,25-33,,10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.006,22877689,#112,Santos 2012,Exclusion reason: In vitro study; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 19:05:30)(Screen): likely won't extract but would like to review full text; Kelly McCain (2024-08-12 18:58:51)(Select): animal (mouse) delays and cfr; Sabine van Elsland (2024-08-15 23:15:44)(Select): Severity (CFR) in mice; ,Non-human; in vitro; useful although not included
+The underdiagnosed threat of oropouche fever amidst dengue epidemics in Brazil.,Martins-Filho PR; Soares-Neto RF; de Oliveira-Júnior JM; Alves Dos Santos C,,2024,Apr,Lancet Reg Health Am,32,,100718,,10.1016/j.lana.2024.100718,38545033,#113,Martins-Filho 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Richard Sheppard (2024-08-09 20:27:22)(Screen): Looks like a quick review/summary article, only reporting cited data.; ",""
+Diagnosis of Oropouche virus infection by RT-nested-PCR.,Moreli ML; Aquino VH; Cruz AC; Figueiredo LT,Using the RT-PCR with primers that anneal to the 5' and the 3' extremities of the genome segments of bunyaviruses and internal primers that anneal to the S segment of Simbu serogroup viruses in a nested PCR it was possible to amplify the Oropouche virus (ORO) genome from the sera of three patients. These results show that this RT-nested-PCR is a useful tool for rapid diagnosis of Oropouche fever infections.,2002,Jan,J Med Virol,66,1,139-42,,10.1002/jmv.2122,11748670,#118,Moreli 2002,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Patrick Doohan (2024-08-09 23:41:50)(Select): + pcr; Joseph Hicks (2024-12-18 03:42:22)(Select): PCR testing virus-isolated samples; diagnostic test assessment, not a measure of true prevalence or an outbreak; nothing to extract; ",PCR testing only (no sero)
+Brazil reports an increased incidence of oropouche and mayaro fever in the amazon region.,Lorenz C; Chiaravalloti-Neto F,,2024,Mar-Apr,Travel Med Infect Dis,58,,102692,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102692,38311146,#123,Lorenz 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Richard Sheppard (2024-08-09 20:23:46)(Screen): Possibly outbreak data (no abstract).; Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:42:51)(Select): Tricky call. I vote no as they're just reporting from an official brief, but no other study is cited.; ",Letter
+"Mayaro, Oropouche and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses: Following in the footsteps of Zika?",Rodríguez-Morales AJ; Paniz-Mondolfi AE; Villamil-Gómez WE; Navarro JC,,2017,Jan-Feb,Travel Med Infect Dis,15,,72-73,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.11.001,27826073,#126,Rodríguez-Morales 2017,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Little-known virus surging in Latin America may harm fetuses.,Moutinho S,"Oropouche virus could be linked to brain malformation and stillbirths, Brazilian health officials say.",2024,Jul,Science,385,6707,355,,10.1126/science.adr9690,39052798,#132,Moutinho 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:19:36)(Select): news item.; ",""
+"Isolation of Madre de Dios Virus (Orthobunyavirus; Bunyaviridae), an Oropouche Virus Species Reassortant, from a Monkey in Venezuela.",Navarro JC; Giambalvo D; Hernandez R; Auguste AJ; Tesh RB; Weaver SC; Montañez H; Liria J; Lima A; Travassos da Rosa JF; da Silva SP; Vasconcelos JM; Oliveira R; Vianez JL Jr; Nunes MR,"Oropouche virus (OROV), genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, is an important cause of human illness in tropical South America. Herein, we report the isolation, complete genome sequence, genetic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of an OROV species reassortant, Madre de Dios virus (MDDV), obtained from a sick monkey (Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk) collected in a forest near Atapirire, a small rural village located in Anzoategui State, Venezuela. MDDV is one of a growing number of naturally occurring OROV species reassortants isolated in South America and was known previously only from southern Peru.",2016,Aug,Am J Trop Med Hyg,95,2,328-38,,10.4269/ajtmh.15-0679,27215299,#133,Navarro 2016,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:25:36)(Select): genomic analysis; Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 22:03:39)(Select): Possibly an evolutionary rate?; ",Case report; Non-human
+Transmission of Oropouche virus from man to hamster by the midge Culicoides paraensis.,Pinheiro FP; Travassos da Rosa AP; Gomes ML; LeDuc JW; Hoch AL,"Oropouche virus (arbovirus family Bunyaviridae, Simbu serological group) was experimentally transmitted from man to hamster by the bite of the midge Culicoides paraensis. Infection rates and transmission rates were determined after the midge had engorged on patients with viremia. The threshold titer necessary to enable infection or transmission by the midges was approximately 5.3 log10 of the median lethal dose of the virus in suckling mice per milliliter of blood. Transmission was achieved 6 to 12 days after C. paraensis had taken the infective blood meal. This represents conclusive evidence of transmission of an arbovirus of public health importance to man by a member of the Ceratopogonidae family.",1982,Mar,Science,215,4537,1251-3,,10.1126/science.6800036,6800036,#135,Pinheiro 1982,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Non-human; in vitro; useful although not included
+Sera of Peruvians with fever of unknown origins include viral nucleic acids from non-vertebrate hosts.,Phan TG; Del Valle Mendoza J; Sadeghi M; Altan E; Deng X; Delwart E,"Serum samples collected from 88 Peruvians with unexplained fever were analyzed for viral sequences using metagenomics. Nucleic acids of anelloviruses, pegivirus A (GBV-C), HIV, Dengue virus, and Oropouche virus were detected. We also characterized from two sera the RNA genomes of new species of partitivirus and dicistrovirus belonging to viral families known to infect fungi or arthropod, respectively. Genomic DNA of a putative fungal cellular host could be PCR amplified from the partitivirus-containing serum sample. The detection in human serum of nucleic acids from viral families not known to infect vertebrates may indicate contamination during sample collection and aliquoting or human infection by their presumed cellular host, here a fungus. The role, if any, of the non-vertebrate infecting viruses detected in serum in inducing fever is unknown.",2018,Feb,Virus Genes,54,1,33-40,,10.1007/s11262-017-1514-3,29043660,#144,Phan 2018,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+"Oropouche virus. III. Entomological observations from three epidemics in Pará, Brazil, 1975.",Roberts DR; Hoch AL; Dixon KE; Llewellyn CH,"Urban epidemics of Oropouche (ORO) fever in three municipalities in Pará, Brazil were studied in 1975. Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) were collected during each of the epidemics and there was a positive correlation, by study areas within the city of Santarém, between human seropositivity to ORO virus and population densities of C. paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The best numerical correlation was with populations of C. paraensis. The relative absence of other species in the areas of high disease attack rates was further evidence C. paraensis were the probable vectors of ORO virus. These biting midges were found to bite readily inside of houses, with an indoor/outdoor ratio of 29%, and were most active around 1700-1800 hours. Other biological observations on C. paraensis are presented.",1981,Jan,Am J Trop Med Hyg,30,1,165-71,,,7212163,#147,Roberts 1981,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-14 02:57:37)(Select): requested from library; ",Vectors
+"Oropouche virus. I. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and ecological findings.",Pinheiro FP; Travassos da Rosa AP; Travassos da Rosa JF; Ishak R; Freitas RB; Gomes ML; LeDuc JW; Oliva OF,,1981,Jan,Am J Trop Med Hyg,30,1,149-60,,,6782898,#149,Pinheiro 1981,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2024-08-14 02:54:43)(Select): need to see which information here is novel and use this as one of the articles to check for missing refs; ,Review
+Is the brazilian diverse environment is a crib for the emergence and maintenance of exotic arboviruses?,Medeiros DBA; Vasconcelos PFC,"We review the potential of Amazon forest as a source for circulation and maintenance of native arboviruses as well its capacity to host exotic arboviruses introduced in Brazil during their process of adapting to the Amazon environment. After a brief introduction about arboviruses isolated in Amazon region and description of the main arboviruses pathogenic to humans, we highlight the history of the last two exotic viruses introduced in Brazil - Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) - and their consequences to the public health. Finally, we discuss and hypothesize what will happen with them after the outbreak. We look to the past to predict the future.",2019,Aug,An Acad Bras Cienc,91,suppl 3,e20190407,,10.1590/0001-3765201920190407,31460596,#150,MedeirosDBA 2019,Exclusion reason: Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology or transmission not main focus; ,Review
+Impact of environmental factors on neglected emerging arboviral diseases.,Lorenz C; Azevedo TS; Virginio F; Aguiar BS; Chiaravalloti-Neto F; Suesdek L,"BACKGROUND: Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosystems, which provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses. However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral diseases. Thus, based on the hypothesis of correlation between environment and epidemiology, the proposals of this study were (1) to obtain the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fevers in Brazil based on environmental conditions corresponding to the periods of occurrence of the outbreaks; (2) to describe the macroclimatic scenario in Brazil in the last 50 years, evaluating if there was any detectable tendency to increase temperatures and (3) to model future expansion of those arboviruses in Brazil based on future temperature projections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our model assessed seven environmental factors (annual rainfall, annual temperature, elevation, seasonality of temperature, seasonality of precipitation, thermal amplitude, and daytime temperature variation) for their association with the occurrence of outbreaks in the last 50 years. Our results suggest that various environmental factors distinctly influence the distribution of each arbovirus, with temperature being the central determinant of disease distribution in all high-risk areas. These areas are subject to change, since the average temperature of some areas has increased significantly over the time. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first spatio-temporal study of the Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis, and Rocio arboviruses, and our results indicate that they may become increasingly important public health problems in Brazil. Thus, next studies and control programs should include these diseases and also take into consideration key environmental elements.",2017,Sep,PLoS Negl Trop Dis,11,9,e0005959,,10.1371/journal.pntd.0005959,28953892,#152,Lorenz 2017,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 19:17:41)(Screen): risk factors?; ",""
+Oropouche virus presenting in Italy after travel to Cuba.,Branda F; Ciccozzi M; Scarpa F,,2024,Aug-Oct,New Microbes New Infect,60-61,,101450,,10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101450,39100738,#160,Branda 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Thomas Rawson (2024-08-13 02:18:25)(Select): Announces the recent case, but no new info.; ",Letter
+Examining the potential for South American arboviruses to spread beyond the New World.,Peña-García VH; McCracken MK; Christofferson RC,"Zika and chikungunya viruses emerged as public health emergencies in the Western Hemisphere where previously they had not been reported on a large scale. Millions were infected as the viruses met with virtually no herd immunity upon emergence. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: We explore the histories of these two recent arbovirus experiences in South America. We then review similarly three endemic South American viruses: yellow fever, Oropouche, and Mayaro viruses. RECENT FINDINGS: We discuss the commonalities of the transmission systems and the possibility of an atypical emergence, that of New World virus to the Old World. SUMMARY: We discuss the avenues for research that would increase preparedness and efficiency of response should a South American arbovirus emerge in the Eastern Hemisphere.",2017,Dec,Curr Clin Microbiol Rep,4,4,208-217,,10.1007/s40588-017-0076-4,29785356,#162,Peña-García 2017,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Diagnosis of Oropouche virus infection using a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme immunoassay.,Saeed MF; Nunes M; Vasconcelos PF; Travassos Da Rosa AP; Watts DM; Russell K; Shope RE; Tesh RB; Barrett AD,"Oropouche (ORO) virus is an emerging infectious agent that has caused numerous outbreaks of an acute febrile (dengue-like) illness among humans in Brazil, Peru, and Panama. Diagnosis of ORO virus infection is based mainly on serology. Two different antigens, hamster serum antigen (HSA) and Vero cell lysate antigen (VCLA), are currently used in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) in Brazil and Peru, respectively, to investigate the epidemiology of ORO virus infection. Both antigens involve use of infectious virus, and for this reason their use is restricted. Consequently, the frequency and distribution of ORO virus infection are largely unexplored in other countries of South America. This report describes the use of a bacterially expressed recombinant nucleocapsid (rN) protein of ORO virus in EIAs for the diagnosis of ORO virus infection. The data revealed that the purified rN protein is comparable to the authentic viral N protein in its antigenic characteristics and is highly sensitive and specific in EIAs. Among 183 serum samples tested, a high degree of concordance was found between rN protein-based EIA and HSA- and VCLA-based EIAs for the detection of both ORO virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. The high sensitivity, specificity, and safety of the rN protein-based EIA make it a useful diagnostic technique that can be widely used to detect ORO virus infection in South America.",2001,Jul,J Clin Microbiol,39,7,2445-52,,10.1128/JCM.39.7.2445-2452.2001,11427552,#170,Saeed 2001,Exclusion reason: In vitro study; Patrick Doohan (2024-08-09 23:43:25)(Select): Has human serology too; ,in vitro
+Iquitos virus: a novel reassortant Orthobunyavirus associated with human illness in Peru.,Aguilar PV; Barrett AD; Saeed MF; Watts DM; Russell K; Guevara C; Ampuero JS; Suarez L; Cespedes M; Montgomery JM; Halsey ES; Kochel TJ,"Oropouche (ORO) virus, a member of the Simbu serogroup, is one of the few human pathogens in the Orthobunyavirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. Genetic analyses of ORO-like strains from Iquitos, Peru, identified a novel reassortant containing the S and L segments of ORO virus and the M segment of a novel Simbu serogroup virus. This new pathogen, which we named Iquitos (IQT) virus, was first isolated during 1999 from a febrile patient in Iquitos, an Amazonian city in Peru. Subsequently, the virus was identified as the cause of outbreaks of ""Oropouche fever"" during 2005 and 2006 in Iquitos. In addition to the identification of 17 isolates of IQT virus between 1999 and 2006, surveys for neutralizing antibody among Iquitos residents revealed prevalence rates of 14.9% for ORO virus and 15.4% for IQT virus. Limited studies indicate that prior infection with ORO virus does not seem to protect against disease caused with the IQT virus infection. Identification of a new Orthobunyavirus human pathogen in the Amazon region of Peru highlights the need for strengthening surveillance activities and laboratory capabilities, and investigating the emergence of new pathogens in tropical regions of South America.",2011,Sep,PLoS Negl Trop Dis,5,9,e1315,,10.1371/journal.pntd.0001315,21949892,#179,Aguilar 2011,Exclusion reason: Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology or transmission not main focus; Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg (2024-08-09 23:13:40)(Select): Some Oropouche virus outbreaks are associated with this recombinant variant ; ,""
+"Changes in relative species compositions of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and an outbreak of Oropouche virus in Iquitos, Peru.",Mercer DR; Castillo-Pizango MJ,"Species compositions of Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the major vector of Oropouche virus to humans in Central and South American urban cycles, and Culicoides insinuatus Ortiz & Leon differed along a northeast-to-southwest transect across Iquitos, Department of Loreto, Peru. The relative distributions of the species were consistent with patterns of human outbreaks along the Amazon River. We resumed collection of biting midges between May 2000 and January 2004 at three sites previously sampled (1996 -1997) to determine whether the known vector was expanding its range relative to the earlier survey. C. paraensis did not replace C. insinuatus across the region surveyed. Instead, C. insinuatus dominated the more southern sites and significantly increased its relative proportion at all three sites. Apparently, microhabitat differences and not range expansion by C. paraensis were responsible for differences in species compositions across the sample sites.",2005,Jul,J Med Entomol,42,4,554-8,,10.1093/jmedent/42.4.554,16119543,#180,Mercer 2005,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-09 01:41:57)(Screen): would like to review full text given the title; ",Vectors
+[The implication of genetic rearrangement in the diagnosis and epidemiology of Oropuche virus in Peru].,Atamari-Anahui N; Ccorahua-Ríos MS; Cabrera-Enríquez JA; Vilcarromero S,,2018,Sep-Oct,Salud Publica Mex,60,5,487-488,,10.21149/9215,30550101,#181,Atamari-Anahui 2018,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Spanish
+"Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of viruses included in the Manzanilla and Oropouche species complexes of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae.",Ladner JT; Savji N; Lofts L; Travassos da Rosa A; Wiley MR; Gestole MC; Rosen GE; Guzman H; Vasconcelos PFC; Nunes MRT; J Kochel T; Lipkin WI; Tesh RB; Palacios G,"A thorough characterization of the genetic diversity of viruses present in vector and vertebrate host populations is essential for the early detection of and response to emerging pathogenic viruses, yet genetic characterization of many important viral groups remains incomplete. The Simbu serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, is an example. The Simbu serogroup currently consists of a highly diverse group of related arboviruses that infect both humans and economically important livestock species. Here, we report complete genome sequences for 11 viruses within this group, with a focus on the large and poorly characterized Manzanilla and Oropouche species complexes. Phylogenetic and pairwise divergence analyses indicated the presence of high levels of genetic diversity within these two species complexes, on a par with that seen among the five other species complexes in the Simbu serogroup. Based on previously reported divergence thresholds between species, the data suggested that these two complexes should actually be divided into at least five species. Together these five species formed a distinct phylogenetic clade apart from the rest of the Simbu serogroup. Pairwise sequence divergences among viruses of this clade and viruses in other Simbu serogroup species complexes were similar to levels of divergence among the other orthobunyavirus serogroups. The genetic data also suggested relatively high levels of natural reassortment, with three potential reassortment events present, including two well-supported events involving viruses known to infect humans.",2014,May,J Gen Virol,95,Pt 5,1055-1066,GENBANK/JQ675598GENBANK/JQ675599GENBANK/JQ675600GENBANK/JQ675601GENBANK/JQ675602GENBANK/JQ675603GENBANK/KF967136GENBANK/KF967137GENBANK/KF967138GENBANK/KF967139GENBANK/KF967140GENBANK/KF967141GENBANK/KF967142GENBANK/KF967143GENBANK/KF967144GENBANK/KF96714,10.1099/vir.0.061309-0,24558222,#191,Ladner 2014,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:29:26)(Select): genomic analysis; Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez (2024-08-13 05:37:23)(Select): No relevant parameters to extract; ",Vectors
+Oropouche virus. IV. Laboratory transmission by Culicoides paraensis.,Pinheiro FP; Hoch AL; Gomes ML; Roberts DR,"Biological transmission of Oropouche (ORO) virus by Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) has been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory. Adult Culicoides, collected in an area where ORO virus was absent, were infected by feeding on viremic hamsters and then periodically exposed to susceptible hamsters at specific intervals post-infectious blood meal. These C. paraensis were capable of biological transmission of the virus 4-9 days post-feeding on viremic hamsters circulating 6.7-9.9 log10SMLD50/ml virus. Infection rates of 54% and 80% were found for C. paraensis assayed 7 days post-feeding. Virus transmission rates for these experiments were 83% and 25%, respectively. No evidence of mechanical transmission of ORO virus by C. paraensis was observed when interrupted feeding of Culicoides on viremic hamsters was followed by feeding on susceptible hamsters.",1981,Jan,Am J Trop Med Hyg,30,1,172-6,,,7212164,#207,Pinheiro 1981,Exclusion reason: In vitro study; Ruth McCabe (2024-08-14 02:00:39)(Select): requested from library; ,Non-human; Vectors
+Laboratory transmission of Oropouche virus by Culex Quinquefasciatus Say.,Hoch AL; Pinheiro FP; Roberts DR; Gomes ML,,1987,,Bull Pan Am Health Organ,21,1,55-61,,,3607353,#215,Hoch 1987,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Anna-Maria Hartner (2024-08-13 00:31:28)(Select): EIP?; ",Vectors; in vitro; useful although not included
+"Molecular detection and clinical characteristics of Bartonella bacilliformis, Leptospira spp., and Rickettsia spp. in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon basin.",Ricapa-Antay F; Diaz-Melon K; Silva-Caso W; Del Valle LJ; Aguilar-Luis MA; Vasquez-Achaya F; Palomares-Reyes C; Weilg P; Li D; Manrique C; Del Valle-Mendoza J,"BACKGROUND: Acute febrile illness (AFI) represent a significant health challenge in the Peruvian Amazon basin population due to their diverse etiologies and the unavailability of specific on-site diagnostic methods, resulting in underreporting of cases. In Peru, one of the most endemic regions to dengue and leptospirosis is Madre de Dios, a region also endemic to emergent bacterial etiologic agents of AFI, such as bartonellosis and rickettsiosis, whose prevalence is usually underreported. We aimed to molecularly identify the presence of Leptospira spp., Bartonella bacilliformis, and Rickettsia spp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction in serum samples from patients with AFI from Puerto Maldonado-Madre de Dios in Peru. METHODS: Serum samples from patients with acute febrile illness were analyzed by real-time PCR for detecting the presence of Bartonella bacilliformis, Leptospira spp. and Rickettsia spp. RESULTS: Bartonella bacilliformis was the most prevalent bacteria identified in 21.6% (30/139) of the samples, followed by Leptospira spp. in 11.5% (16/139) and Rickettsia spp. in 6.5% (9/139) of the samples. No co-infections were observed between these bacteria. The most frequent symptoms associated with fever among all groups, were headaches, myalgias, and arthralgias. We found no statistically significant differences in the clinical presentation between patients infected with each bacterium. CONCLUSIONS: In a previous study, we shown the presence of dengue, chikungunya, Zika and oropouche virus. We were able to identify these pathogens in 29.5% of all the samples, with chikungunya and OROV as the most frequently found in 9.4 and 8.6% of all the samples, respectively. In this study we show that B. bacilliformis (21.6%), Leptospira spp. (11.5%) and Rickettsia spp. (6.5%) accounted for the main etiologies of AFI in samples from Puerto Maldonado-Madre de Dios, Perú. Our analysis of their clinical presentation, further shows the importance of implementing more sensitive and specific on-site diagnostic tools in the national surveillance programs.This study confirms that the un-specificity of signs and symptoms is not only associated with arboviral infections, but also with the clinical presentation of endemic bacterial infections.",2018,Dec,BMC Infect Dis,18,1,618,,10.1186/s12879-018-3541-7,30514235,#217,Ricapa-Antay 2018,Exclusion reason: Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology or transmission not main focus; Anna-Maria Hartner (2024-08-13 19:27:20)(Select): Cites a useful paper that's already included — main article not about OROV ; ,""
+Establishment of a multisite umbrella cohort study protocol to describe the epidemiology and aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Latin America.,Cabada MM; Aguilar PV; Rodas JD; Hidalgo M; Mozo K; Gonzalez-Diaz ES; Jimenez-Coello M; Diaz FJ; Dacso MM; Ortega-Pacheco A; Arboleda M; Walker DH; Weaver SC; Melby PC,"INTRODUCTION: Acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (AUFIs) impose a large burden in the tropics. Understanding of AUFI's epidemiology is limited. Insufficient diagnostic capacity hinders the detection of outbreaks. The lack of interconnection in healthcare systems hinders timely response. We describe a protocol to study the epidemiology and aetiologies of AUFI and pathogen discovery in strategic areas of Latin America (LA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Global Infectious Diseases Network investigators comprising institutions in Colombia, Dominican Republic, México, Perú and the USA, developed a common cohort study protocol. The primary objective is to determine the aetiologies of AUFI at healthcare facilities in high-risk areas. Data collection and laboratory testing for viral, bacterial and parasitic agents are performed in rural and urban healthcare facilities and partner laboratories. Centralised laboratory and data management cores deploy diagnostic tests and data management tools. Subjects >6 years with fever for <8 days without localised infection are included in the cohort. They are evaluated during the acute and convalescent phases of illness. Study personnel collect clinical and epidemiological information. Blood, urine, nasal or pharyngeal swabs and saliva are collected in the acute phase and blood in convalescent phase. Specimens are banked at -80°C. Malaria, dengue and COVID-19 are tested onsite in the acute phase. The acute-phase serum is PCR tested for dengue, chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, Oropouche, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Paired convalescent and acute serum antibody titters are tested for arbovirus, Leptospira spp, and Rickettsia spp. Serum is used for viral cultures and next-generation sequencing for pathogen discovery. Analysis includes variable distributions, risk factors and regression models. Laboratory results are shared with health authorities and network members. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was approved by local ethics committees and health authorities. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. All study results are shared with local and regional health authorities.",2024,Jul,BMJ Open,14,7,e083560,,10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083560,39038857,#219,Cabada 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 22:27:43)(Select): A testing protocol - no actual results; ",PCR testing only (no sero)
+Emergence of a novel reassortant Oropouche virus drives persistent human outbreaks in the Brazilian Amazon region from 2022 to 2024,"Naveca, Felipe Gomes; de Almeida, Tatiana Amaral Pires; Souza, Victor; Nascimento, Valdinete; Silva, Dejanane; Nascimento, Fernanda; Mejía, Matilde; de Oliveira, Yasmin Silva; Rocha, Luisa; Xavier, Natana; Lopes, Janis; Maito, Rodrigo; Meneses, Cátia; Amorim, Tatyana; Fé, Luciana; Camelo, Fernanda Sindeaux; Silva, Samyly Coutinho de Aguiar; de Melo, Alexsandro Xavier; Fernandes, Leíse Gomes; de Oliveira, Marco Aurélio Almeida; Arcanjo, Ana Ruth; Araújo, Guilherme; André Júnior, Walter; de Carvalho, Renata Lia Coragem; Rodrigues, Rosiane; Albuquerque, Stella; Mattos, Cristiane; Silva, Ciciléia; Linhares, Aline; Rodrigues, Taynã; Mariscal, Francy; Morais, Márcia Andréa; Presibella, Mayra Marinho; Marques, Nelson Fernando Quallio; Paiva, Anne; Ribeiro, Karina; Vieira, Deusilene; Queiroz, Jackson Alves da Silva; Passos-Silva, Ana Maísa; Abdalla, Lígia; Santos, João Hugo; de Figueiredo, Regina Maria Pinto; Cruz, Ana Cecília Ribeiro; Casseb, Livia Neves; Chiang, Jannifer Oliveira; Frutuoso, Livia Vinhal; Rossi, Agata; Freitas, Lucas; Campos, Túlio de Lima; Wallau, Gabriel Luz; Moreira, Emerson; Neto, Roberto Dias Lins; Alexander, Laura W.; Sun, Yining; de Filippis, Ana Maria Bispo; Gräf, Tiago; Arantes, Ighor; Bento, Ana I.; Delatorre, Edson; Bello, Gonzalo","The Brazilian western Amazon region is currently experiencing its largest laboratory confirmed Oropouche virus (OROV) outbreak, with nearly 6,000 reported cases in the states of Amazonas (AM), Acre (AC), Rondônia (RO), and Roraima (RR), between August 2022 and March 2024. Here, we sequenced and analyzed 382 full-length OROV genomes from human samples collected between 2022 and 2024 from all four states, aiming to trace the origin and genetic evolution of OROV leading to the current outbreak. Genomic analyses revealed that the recent upsurge of OROV cases in the Brazilian Amazon region coincides with the emergence of a novel reassortant viral lineage containing the M segment of viruses detected in the eastern Amazon region from 2009 to 2018 and the L and S segments of viruses detected in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador from 2008 to 2021. The novel reassortant OROV lineage likely emerged in the Central region of the AM state between 2010 and 2014 and displayed a long-range silent dispersion during the second half of the 2010s. The 2022-2024 OROV epidemic was spatially segregated into three major subpopulations located in RR, AMACRO (a bordering region between AC, RO, and AM-Southern region), and AM-Central (which includes the Amazonas’ capital, Manaus) regions. The peak of OROV transmissions in all regions occurred during the rainy season in the Amazon basin. Furthermore, our phylodynamics reconstructions showed that OROV spread was driven mainly by short-range (&amp;lt; 2 km) movements, with an average dispersal rate ≤ 1.2 km/day, consistent with the pattern of an active flight of infected vectors. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion (22%) of long-range (&amp;gt; 10 km) OROV migrations were also detected, consistent with viral dispersion via human activities. Our data provides an unprecedented view of the real-time spread and evolution of a neglected emergent human pathogen. Moreover, our results emphasize the need for widespread, long-term genomic surveillance to better understand the real burden of OROV within and beyond the Amazon region.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementFunding support FAPEAM Call 04/2022/FIOCRUZ/FAPEAM/FAPERO INOVACAO NA AMAZONIA; Amazonia +10; FAPEAM Call 023/2022 INICIATIVA AMAZONIA +10; Inova Fiocruz Inova Amazonia; Rede Genomica de Vigilancia em Saude do Estado do Amazonas REGESAM (Resolucao n 002/2008, 007/2018 e 005/2019 PRO-ESTADO/FAPEAM); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico CNPq Institutos Nacionais de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT VER) e Chamada CNPq/MCTI 10/2023 - Faixa B Grupos Consolidados Universal 2023 (421620/2023-4). GLW and GB are supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) through their productivity research fellowships (307209/2023-7 and 304883/2020-4). ED and AR are supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo (FAPES).Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Amazonas State University (CAAE: 72678923.8.0000.5016), which waived signed informed consent.I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesAll the OROV genomes generated and analyzed in this study were deposited at GenBank under accession numbers PP153945 to PP154172 and PQ064571 to PQ065491.",2024,01/01,medRxiv,,,2024.07.23.24310415,,10.1101/2024.07.23.24310415,,#242,Naveca 2024,Exclusion reason: Duplicate; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-19 22:16:58)(Included): exclude as we have published paper #568; ,Preprint
+Reemergence of Oropouche virus between 2023 and 2024 in Brazil,"Scachetti, Gabriel C.; Forato, Julia; Claro, Ingra M.; Hua, Xinyi; Salgado, Bárbara B.; Vieira, Aline; Simeoni, Camila L.; Barbosa, Aguyda R. C.; Rosa, Italo L.; de Souza, Gabriela F.; Fernandes, Luana C. N.; de Sena, Ana Carla H.; Oliveira, Stephanne C.; Singh, Carolina M. L.; de Lima, Shirlene T.; de Jesus, Ronaldo; Costa, Mariana A.; Kato, Rodrigo B.; Rocha, Josilene F.; Santos, Leandro C.; Rodrigues, Janete T.; Cunha, Marielton P.; Sabino, Ester C.; Faria, Nuno R.; Weaver, Scott C.; Romano, Camila M.; Lalwani, Pritesh; Proença-Módena, José Luiz; de Souza, William M.","Background Oropouche virus (OROV; species Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense) is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused outbreaks of Oropouche fever in Central and South America since the 1950s. This study investigates virological factors contributing to the reemergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil between 2023 and 2024.Methods In this study, we combined OROV genomic, molecular, and serological data from Brazil from 1 January 2015 to 29 June 2024, along with in vitro and in vivo characterization. Molecular screening data included 93 patients with febrile illness between January 2023 and February 2024 from the Amazonas State. Genomic data comprised two genomic OROV sequences from patients. Serological data were obtained from neutralizing antibody tests comparing the prototype OROV strain BeAn 19991 and the 2024 epidemic strain. Epidemiological data included aggregated cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1 January 2014 to 29 June 2024.Findings In 2024, autochthonous OROV infections were detected in previously non-endemic areas across all five Brazilian regions. Cases were reported in 19 of 27 federal units, with 83.2% (6,895 of 8,284) of infections in Northern Brazil and a nearly 200-fold increase in incidence compared to reported cases over the last decade. We detected OROV RNA in 10.8% (10 of 93) of patients with febrile illness between December 2023 and May 2024 in Amazonas. We demonstrate that the 2023-2024 epidemic was caused by a novel OROV reassortant that replicated approximately 100-fold higher titers in mammalian cells compared to the prototype strain. The 2023-2024 OROV reassortant displayed plaques earlier than the prototype, produced 1.7 times more plaques, and plaque sizes were 2.5 larger compared to the prototype. Furthermore, serum collected in 2016 from previously OROV-infected individuals showed at least a 32-fold reduction in neutralizing capacity against the reassortment strain compared to the prototype.Interpretation These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to a better understanding of the 2023-2024 OROV reemergence. The recent increased incidence may be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new reassortant virus that also evades previous immunity.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementJLPM is supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (#2022/10442-0), and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, #309971/2023-3). WMdS is supported by Burroughs Wellcome Fund - Climate Change and Human Health Seed Grants (#1022448), and Wellcome Trust - Digital Technology Development Award in Climate Sensitive Infectious Disease Modelling (#226075/Z/22/Z). NRF was supported by a Wellcome Trust and Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (grant no. 204311/Z/16/Z). NRF and ECS are supported by a Medical Research Council-Sao Paulo Research Foundation - CADDE partnership award (MR/S0195/1 and FAPESP 18/14389-0). SCW was supported by NIH grant R24 AI120942. CMR is supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (#2022/10408-6). IMC was supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (#2023/11521-3). CLS was supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (#2022/00723-1). MSB is supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (# 083/2021). LLAS received support from Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas. PL is supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (POSGRAD, CT and I AREAS PRIORITARIAS, INICIATIVA AMAZONIA +10, CHAMADA ERC 2022 and PEX-CT and I/FAPEAM); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Funding 001).Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:All procedures followed the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and were approved by the ethics committees from the Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil (approval numbers 5.876.612 and 6.629.451) and Nilton Lins University (2.636.421). All necessary patient/participant consent (including consent to publish) has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived and any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group and cannot be used to identify individualsI confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesAll statistical computing analyses were conducted using the R project. R packages necessary for analysis and visualization include: readxl, tidyverse, dylyr, zoo, scales, lubridate, tmap, sf, ggplot2, ggbreak, ggpubr, stringr. No custom code was developed. New sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers PP992525 - PP992530.",2024,01/01,medRxiv,,,2024.07.27.24310296,,10.1101/2024.07.27.24310296,,#255,Scachetti 2024,Exclusion reason: Duplicate; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-19 22:17:28)(Included): exclude as we have published paper #542; ,Preprint
+"Evaluation of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> Mosquitoes Competence to <i>Oropouche virus</i> Infection","de Mendonça, SF; Rocha, MN; Ferreira, FV; Leite, THJF; Amadou, SCG; Sucupira, PHF; Marques, JT; Ferreira, AGA; Moreira, LA","The emergence of new human viral pathogens and re-emergence of several diseases are of particular concern in the last decades. Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic to South and Central America tropical regions, responsible to several epidemic events in the last decades. There is little information regarding the ability of OROV to be transmitted by urban/peri-urban mosquitoes, which has limited the predictability of the emergence of permanent urban transmission cycles. Here, we evaluated the ability of OROV to infect, replicate, and be transmitted by three anthropophilic and urban species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. We show that OROV is able to infect and efficiently replicate when systemically injected in all three species tested, but not when orally ingested. Moreover, we find that, once OROV replication has occurred in the mosquito body, all three species were able to transmit the virus to immunocompromised mice during blood feeding. These data provide evidence that OROV is restricted by the midgut barrier of three major urban mosquito species, but, if this restriction is overcome, could be efficiently transmitted to vertebrate hosts. This poses a great risk for the emergence of permanent urban cycles and geographic expansion of OROV to other continents.",2021,,VIRUSES-BASEL,13,5,,WOS:000654574400001,10.3390/v13050755,,#284,deMendonça 2021,"Exclusion reason: In vitro study; Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 22:33:21)(Select): Initially tagged as review, but I don't think it is so I removed the tag; Tristan Naidoo (2024-08-10 22:34:12)(Select): Has animal + vector params, e.g. CFR and delays for mice in a lab experiment; ",Non-human; Vectors; in vitro; useful although not included
+BIOLOGY OF OROPOUCHE VIRUS,"NIELSEN, G; PINHEIRO, FP; PETERS, D; MULLER, G",,1976,,TROPENMEDIZIN UND PARASITOLOGIE,27,,69-70,WOS:A1976CF70700055,,,#352,NIELSEN 1976,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Sabine van Elsland (2024-08-15 23:17:56)(Select): No full text; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-07 23:51:16)(Select): requested from library; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-10 05:07:03)(Select): in vitro studies of the virus; ",""
+Emergent viruses in America: The case of Oropouche virus,"Romero-Alvarez, D; Escobar, LE",,2018,,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES,73,,98-98,WOS:000440345100210,10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3644,,#373,Romero-Alvarez 2018,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2024-08-10 00:55:24)(Select): poster; ,Review; useful although not included
+"Arboviral diseases in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a perspective and analysis from a tertiary health & research center in Manaus, State of Amazonas","Mourao, MPG; Bastos, MD; de Figueiredo, RMP; Gimaque, JBD; Alves, VDR; Saraiva, MDG; Figueiredo, MLG; Ramasawmy, R; Nogueira, ML; Figueiredo, LTM","The Fundacao de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon), is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF) were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42) were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.",2015,,REVISTA DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA TROPICAL,48,,20-26,WOS:000356174800004,10.1590/0037-8682-0133-2013,,#386,Mourao 2015,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2024-08-10 00:25:06)(Select): I think this reports sero from another source but not 100% sure; ,Review
+First outbreak of Oropouche Fever reported in a non-endemic central-western region of the Peruvian Amazon. Molecular diagnosis and clinical characteristics,"Silva-Caso, W; Luis, MAA; Mazulis, F; Palomares-Reyes, C; Weilg, C; Del Valle, L; Espejo-Evaristo, J; Soto-Febres, F; Mendoza, JD",,2018,,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES,73,,192-192,WOS:000440345100416,10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3850,,#403,Silva-Caso 2018,Exclusion reason: Duplicate; Joseph Hicks (2024-08-12 22:42:03)(Select): Full text available CID#55: https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(19)30181-X/fulltext; ,Case report
+"THE NEOTROPICAL BITING MIDGES RELATED TO CULICOIDES-PARAENSIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE)","WIRTH, WW; FELIPPEBAUER, ML","Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi), a common and widespread American bloodsucking midge that has been incriminated in the transmission of Mansonellosis and Oropouche Fever of humans in South America, is redescribed and figured. All published records are listed and new distribution is based on examination of extensive collections from throughout its range. Three closley related species of the subgenus Haematomyidium that have been confused with C. paraensis are briefly redescribed and figured,  and a key is presented for their identification.",1989,,MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ,84,,551-565,WOS:A1989DR74700094,10.1590/S0074-02761989000800096,,#414,WIRTH 1989,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Review; Vectors
+Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identification of Novel <i>Thogotovirus</i> Species and <i>Rhabdovirus</i> Genus,"Temmam, S; Monteil-Bouchard, S; Robert, C; Baudoin, JP; Sambou, M; Aubadie-Ladrix, M; Labas, N; Raoult, D; Mediannikov, O; Desnues, C","More than two thirds of emerging viruses are of zoonotic origin, and among them RNA viruses represent the majority. Ceratopogonidae (genus Culicoides) are well-known vectors of several viruses responsible for epizooties (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, etc.). They are also vectors of the only known virus infecting humans: the Oropouche virus. Female midges usually feed on a variety of hosts, leading to possible transmission of emerging viruses from animals to humans. In this context, we report here the analysis of RNA viral communities of Senegalese biting midges using next-generation sequencing techniques as a preliminary step toward the identification of potential viral biohazards. Sequencing of the RNA virome of three pools of Culicoides revealed the presence of a significant diversity of viruses infecting plants, insects and mammals. Several novel viruses were detected, including a novel Thogotovirus species, related but genetically distant from previously described tick-borne thogotoviruses. Novel rhabdoviruses were also detected, possibly constituting a novel Rhabdoviridae genus, and putatively restricted to insects. Sequences related to the major viruses transmitted by Culicoides, i.e., African horse sickness, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses were also detected. This study highlights the interest in monitoring the emergence and circulation of zoonoses and epizooties using their arthropod vectors.",2016,,VIRUSES-BASEL,8,3,,WOS:000373599300028,10.3390/v8030077,,#450,Temmam 2016,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",Vectors
+PUBLIC-HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG WORKERS ALONG TRANS-AMAZON HIGHWAY,"PINHEIRO, FP; BENSABATH, G; ROSA, APAT; LAINSON, R; SHAW, JJ; WARD, R; FRAIHA, H; MORAES, MAP; GUEIROS, ZM; LINS, ZC; MENDES, R","The colonization of the forested areas intersected by the Trans-Amazon highway was started in mid-1971. The immigrants originated from different areas of the country [Brazil], but most of them came from the northeast. The colonization was intense in Altamira, Maraba and Itaituba, all in Para State. By the end of 1974 about 28,000 colonists and their families were living in these areas. It was assumed that these people would come into contact with certain zoonotic agents such as arboviruses and leishmanias, and that agents and vectors of infectious diseases previously unknown in the Trans-Amazon area, such as schistosomiasis and Chagas'' disease, might be introduced. Investigations commenced in 1972 to identify certain health problems in different areas of the highway. In Nov. 1972 a permanent surveillance program was initiated in the area of Altamira. Serological studies demonstrated that arbovirus infections occurred among colonists. Of the persons studied, mainly in hospitals and health posts, 2.6% were infected in the 1st semester of 1973, 6.5% in the 2nd semester of 1973 and 18.0% in the 1st semester of 1974. Mayaro, Guaroa, Itaporanga and Oropouche were the commonest arboviruses responsible for the infections. A thrombocytopenic purpura, named hemorrhagic syndrome of Altamira (HSA), was noticed in the Altamira area from the beginning of 1972. Most cases were restricted to the colonists and about 160 cases were observed up to Oct. 1974; the disease was responsible for 3 deaths. Epidemiological and serological evidence suggests that the syndrome is associated with the black-fly Simulium and its bite. Studies on leishmaniasis revealed a high incidence of infections among wild animals trapped at various sites along the Trans-Amazon highway. Of 166 specimens of the rodent Proechimys studied, 26 were infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis (15.7%), and the L. braziliensis complex was isolated from Proechimys, and the opossum Didelphys. Skin tests on colonists along the highway show a high incidence of positive reactions to leishmanin (up to 60%), but active cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are uncommon. The incidence of the disease may rise sharply in the succeeding, nonimmune generation. Dense populations of highly anthropophilic sandfly species were seen at all points studied along the new roads. Some of these species will undoubtedly act as vectors. Between 1971-1974, 310 imported cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed in Altamira and Maraba and all were treated with etrenol. Although 3 foci of planorbid snails were discovered, there is no evidence yet of local transmission of the disease. Malaria is a very important problem along the Trans-Amazon highway and thousands of cases were diagnosed. Most infections are caused by Plasmodium falciparum but infections with P. vivax are also common. Leptospira antibodies were detected among persons living along the road and in wild animals. Cases of South American blastomycosis were detected in the area between Maraba and Altamira, and Histoplasma was isolated from several wild animals.",1977,,JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE,19,7,490-497,WOS:A1977DP32600015,10.1097/00043764-197707000-00016,,#475,PINHEIRO 1977,Exclusion reason: Wrong pathogen or pathogen epidemiology or transmission not main focus; ,""
+Viruses of the family <i>Bunyaviridae</i>: Are all available isolates reassortants?,"Briese, T; Calisher, CH; Higgs, S","Viruses of the family Bunyaviridae (the bunyaviruses) possess three distinct linear, single-stranded, negative sense or ambisense RNA segments (large, medium, and small). Dual infections of arthropod and perhaps vertebrate and plant hosts provide substantial opportunity for segment reassortment and an increasingly recognized number of the nearly 300 viruses in this family have been shown to be reassortants. Reassortment of RNA segments (genetic shift) complements genetic drift (accumulation of point mutations) as a powerful mechanism underlying bunyavirus evolution.Here we consider the possibility, if not likelihood, that most if not all bunyaviruses currently recognized. may represent reassortants, some of which may be reassortants of existing viruses, and some of which may be reassortants of extinct viruses. If this hypothesis is correct, then the roots of the family and genus trees of bunyaviruses as currently described (or ignored) are incomplete or incorrect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",2013,,VIROLOGY,446,1-2,207-216,WOS:000325839100023,10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.030,,#500,Briese 2013,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:29:37)(Select): genomic analysis; ",Review
+Oropouche Fever and its Current Context in Brazil.,Gonçalves Dos Santos Martins T; Gonçalves Dos Santos Martins D; Damasceno E,,2024,Dec,Acta Med Port,37,12,897-898,,10.20344/amp.22371,39622196,#518,GonçalvesDosSantosMartins 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Additional lessons to prepare for rapid research response to possible vertical transmission of Oropouche virus in Brazil.,Diniz D; Brito L; Griner A; Kingori P; Ogden R,,2024,Nov,Lancet Infect Dis,,,,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00770-9,39608388,#519,Diniz 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Sabine van Elsland (2024-12-06 23:44:02)(Select): Added full text - does not seem like there is original data presented; ",""
+Probing Oropouche fever ecology beyond the Amazon.,Postigo-Hidalgo I; Drexler JF,,2024,Nov,Lancet Infect Dis,,,,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00728-X,39557056,#524,Postigo-Hidalgo 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Oropouche Virus: A Rising Threat in the Western Hemisphere.,O'Laughlin K; Huits R; Libman M; Kozarsky P; Hamer DH,,2024,Nov,Ann Intern Med,,,,,10.7326/ANNALS-24-03049,39556840,#526,O'Laughlin 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+[Key clinical manifestations to differentiate Oropouche fever from dengue and other arboviral diseases: a living systematic reviewRevisão sistemática viva das manifestações clínicas da febre do Oropouche: características-chave para diferenciá-la da dengue,Tortosa F; Gutiérrez Castillo G; Izcovich A; Luz K; Dos Santos T; Gonzalez-Escobar G; Ragusa MA; Gresh L; Mendez-Rico JA; Reveiz L,"OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of symptoms in patients with Oropouche fever and compare them with those observed in patients with dengue and other arboviral diseases. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the MOOSE and PRISMA reporting guidelines. The review included studies on acute clinical manifestations in patients with Oropouche fever. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to September 2024. The symptoms of Oropouche fever were compared to those of dengue and other arboviral diseases. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies covering 3648 patients with Oropouche fever were included. The most frequent symptoms in patients with Oropouche virus infection were fever (97%) and headache (86%). There was no difference in frequency of fever or headache between patients with Oropouche and dengue. However, odynophagia (28%) and abdominal pain (15%) were more frequent in Oropouche than in dengue, with odds ratios (ORs) of 3.20 and 2.50, respectively. Myalgia (69%) and arthralgia (57%) were less frequent in Oropouche fever than in dengue. CONCLUSIONS: Fever and headache are common in Oropouche virus infection, but do not help discriminate it from dengue. However, odynophagia and abdominal pain are more frequent in patients with Oropouche fever, while myalgia, arthralgia, and rash are more prevalent in dengue. These findings may aid in differential diagnosis in areas of arboviral co-circulation. Further studies on the recurrence and duration of symptoms are needed to improve diagnostic strategies.",2024,,Rev Panam Salud Publica,48,,e136,,10.26633/RPSP.2024.136,39555475,#527,Tortosa 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Oropouche virus infection: Differential clinical outcomes and emerging global concerns of vertical transmission and fatal cases.,Ceccarelli G; Branda F; Scarpa F; Ciccozzi M; Alcantara LCJ; Giovanetti M,,2024,Nov,Int J Infect Dis,150,,107295,,10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107295,39515636,#529,Ceccarelli 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Letter
+Unprecedented spread and genetic evolution of the Oropouche virus.,Castro MC; Lima Neto AS,,2024,Oct,Nat Med,,,,,10.1038/s41591-024-03336-5,39468365,#533,Castro 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2024-12-09 00:44:15)(Select): the actual paper is included in those to be extracted, this is a just a news item on that; ",""
+Oropouche virus: A re-emerging arbovirus of clinical significance.,Desai AN; Otter A; Koopmans M; Granata G; Grobusch MP; Tunali V; Astorri R; Jokelainen P; Greub G; Ergönül Ö; Valdoleiros SR; Rovers CP; Caro AD; Pisapia R; Fusco FM; Vale APD; Krogfelt KA; Petersen E; Atkinson B,,2024,Dec,Int J Infect Dis,149,,107251,,10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107251,39453835,#536,Desai 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,useful although not included
+Prevent the spread of Oropouche fever in Brazil.,Sansone NMS; Marques LFA; Marson FAL,,2024,Oct,Science,386,6720,389-390,,10.1126/science.ads0518,39446928,#537,SansoneNMS 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Multiple bloodmeals enhance dissemination of arboviruses in three medically relevant mosquito genera.,Ferdous Z; Dieme C; Sproch H; Kramer LD; Ciota AT; Brackney DE; Armstrong PM,"BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes in nature may acquire multiple bloodmeals (BMs) over the course of their lifetime; however, incorporation of frequent feeding behavior in laboratory vector competence studies is rarely done. We have previously shown that acquisition of a second non-infectious BM can enhance early dissemination of Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus, and chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and ZIKV in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, yet it is unknown if other taxonomically-diverse virus-vector pairings show a similar trend under a sequential feeding regimen. METHODS: To test this, we evaluated the impact of a second noninfectious BM on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for Mayaro virus, Culex quinquefasciatus for West Nile virus, Aedes triseriatus for La Crosse virus, and Aedes aegypti for Oropouche virus (OROV). Female mosquitoes were fed BMs containing these viruses and half of them were given a second noninfectious BM at 3 or 4-days post infection. Mosquitoes were harvested at various time points and assayed for virus infection in bodies and disseminated infection in legs by performing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. RESULTS: We found that a second noninfectious BM had no impact on midgut infection rates but increased virus dissemination for all but one of the virus-vector pairings- Ae. aegypti and OROV. Unlike the other arboviruses under consideration, which are strictly mosquito-borne, biting midges (Culicoides spp.) serve as the main vector of OROV and this virus rarely disseminated to the mosquito leg tissue in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings show that sequential blood feeding enhances virus dissemination across diverse arbovirus-vector pairings, representing three mosquito genera and virus families, but a second BM was insufficient to overcome a strong midgut virus escape barrier in a nonnatural virus-vector pairing.",2024,Oct,Parasit Vectors,17,1,432,,10.1186/s13071-024-06531-y,39427222,#539,Ferdous 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Rising threat of Oropouche virus transmission from mother to child: An urgent call for action.,Pareek A; Singhal R; Chuturgoon A; Apostolopoulos V,,2024,Nov-Dec,Travel Med Infect Dis,62,,102776,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102776,39424113,#540,Pareek 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus and potential birth defects.,Nielsen-Saines K; Brasil P,,2024,Oct,Lancet Infect Dis,,,,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00651-0,39423839,#541,Nielsen-Saines 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Re-emergence of Oropouche virus in Brazil and Latin America.,Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Drexler JF,,2024,Oct,Lancet Infect Dis,,,,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00672-8,39423836,#544,Rodriguez-Morales 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-08 22:24:43)(Select): contains regional disaggregation; Ruth McCabe (2025-02-12 23:40:39)(Select): Flagging during extraction as being a comment on another paper that is extracted, so remove; ",useful although not included
+Clues emerge about an obscure virus' sudden spread.,Quaglia S,Increased virulence may have allowed Oropouche to explode in Latin America.,2024,Oct,Science,386,6719,256-257,,10.1126/science.adt9020,39418372,#546,Quaglia 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Re-emergence of Oropouche virus.,Taglialegna A,,2024,Dec,Nat Rev Microbiol,22,12,740,,10.1038/s41579-024-01118-x,39406894,#549,Taglialegna 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Oropouche fever fatalities and vertical transmission in South America: implications of a potential new mode of transmission.,Sah R; Srivastava S; Mehta R; Khan SR; Kumar S; Satpathy P; Mohanty A; Ferraz C; Feehan J; Apostolopoulos V; Luna C; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,,2024,Oct,Lancet Reg Health Am,38,,100896,,10.1016/j.lana.2024.100896,39381084,#550,Sah 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Emerging threat of Oropouche virus in Brazil: an urgent call for enhanced surveillance and response.,do Rosário MS; de Siqueira IC,,2024,Sep-Oct,Braz J Infect Dis,28,5,103876,,10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103876,39362640,#554,doRosário 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"Reemergence of Oropouche Virus in the Americas and Risk for Spread in the United States and Its Territories, 2024.",Guagliardo SAJ; Connelly CR; Lyons S; Martin SW; Sutter R; Hughes HR; Brault AC; Lambert AJ; Gould CV; Staples JE,"Oropouche virus has recently caused outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean, expanding into areas to which the virus was previously not endemic. This geographic range expansion, in conjunction with the identification of vertical transmission and reports of deaths, has raised concerns about the broader threat this virus represents to the Americas. We review information on Oropouche virus, factors influencing its spread, transmission risk in the United States, and current status of public health response tools. On the basis of available data, the risk for sustained local transmission in the continental United States is considered low because of differences in vector ecology and in human-vector interactions when compared with Oropouche virus-endemic areas. However, more information is needed about the drivers for the current outbreak to clarify the risk for further expansion of this virus. Timely detection and control of this emerging pathogen should be prioritized to mitigate disease burden and stop its spread.",2024,Nov,Emerg Infect Dis,30,11,2241-2249,,10.3201/eid3011.241220,39353409,#555,GuagliardoSAJ 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,useful although not included
+Preparing for the rapid research response to the possible vertical transmission of Oropouche virus: lessons from a decade of congenital Zika research.,Brickley EB; Miranda-Filho DB; Ximenes RAA,,2024,Dec,Lancet Infect Dis,24,12,e725-e726,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00618-2,39348835,#558,Brickley 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+(Re-)Emergence of Oropouche Virus (OROV) Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.,Riccò M; Corrado S; Bottazzoli M; Marchesi F; Gili R; Bianchi FP; Frisicale EM; Guicciardi S; Fiacchini D; Tafuri S; Cascio A; Giuri PG; Siliquini R,"Oropouche Virus (OROV; genus of Orthobunyavirus) is the causal agent of Oropouche Fever (OF). Due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the limited availability of diagnostic tests, the actual epidemiology of OROV infections and OF has been extensively disputed. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, a literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and MedRxiv in order to retrieve relevant articles on the documented occurrence of OROV infections. Pooled detection rates were then calculated for anti-OROV antibodies and virus detection (i.e., viral RNA detected by viral cultures and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR]). Where available, detection rates for other arboviruses (i.e., Dengue [DENV], Chikungunya [CHKV], and Zika Virus [ZIKV]) were calculated and compared to those for OROV. A total of 47 studies from South America and the Caribbean were retrieved. In individuals affected by febrile illness during OROV outbreaks, a documented prevalence of 0.45% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.16 to 1.12) for virus isolation, 12.21% (95%CI 4.96 to 27.09) for seroprevalence (including both IgM and IgG class antibodies), and 12.45% (95%CI 3.28 to 37.39) for the detection of OROV-targeting IgM class antibodies were eventually documented. In the general population, seroprevalence was estimated to be 24.45% (95%CI 7.83 to 55.21) for IgG class antibodies. The OROV detection rate from the cerebrospinal fluids of suspected cases of viral encephalitis was estimated to be 2.40% (95%CI 1.17 to 5.03). The occurrence of OROV infections was consistently lower than that of DENV, CHKV, and ZIKV during outbreaks (Risk Ratio [RR] 24.82, 95%CI 21.12 to 29.16; RR 2.207, 95%CI 1.427 to 3.412; and RR 7.900, 95%CI 5.386 to 11.578, respectively) and in the general population (RR 23.614, 95%CI 20.584 to 27.129; RR 3.103, 95%CI 2.056 to 4.685; and RR 49.500, 95%CI 12.256 to 199.921, respectively). In conclusion, our study stresses the possibly high underestimation of OROV prevalence in the general population of South America, the potential global threat represented by this arbovirus infection, and the potential preventive role of a comprehensive ""One Health approach"".",2024,Sep,Viruses,16,9,,,10.3390/v16091498,39339974,#559,Riccò 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Oropouche Virus (OROV) in Pregnancy: An Emerging Cause of Placental and Fetal Infection Associated with Stillbirth and Microcephaly following Vertical Transmission.,Schwartz DA; Dashraath P; Baud D,"Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arbovirus endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean that causes Oropouche fever, a febrile illness that clinically resembles some other arboviral infections. It is currently spreading through Brazil and surrounding countries, where, from 1 January to 1 August 2024, more than 8000 cases have been identified in Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, and Peru and for the first time in Cuba. Travelers with Oropouche fever have been identified in the United States and Europe. A significant occurrence during this epidemic has been the report of pregnant women infected with OROV who have had miscarriages and stillborn fetuses with placental, umbilical blood and fetal somatic organ samples that were RT-PCR positive for OROV and negative for other arboviruses. In addition, there have been four cases of newborn infants having microcephaly, in which the cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for IgM antibodies to OROV and negative for other arboviruses. This communication examines the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of OROV, summarizes the 2023-2024 Oropouche virus epidemic, and describes the reported cases of vertical transmission and congenital infection, fetal death, and microcephaly in pregnant women with Oropouche fever, addresses experimental animal infections and potential placental pathology findings of OROV, and reviews other bunyavirus agents that can cause vertical transmission. Recommendations are made for pregnant women travelling to the regions affected by the epidemic.",2024,Sep,Viruses,16,9,,,10.3390/v16091435,39339911,#560,Schwartz 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+ddPCR for the Detection and Absolute Quantification of Oropouche Virus.,Pomari E; Matucci A; Accordini S; Mantovani RP; Gianesini N; Mori A; Castilletti C,"BACKGROUND: Oropouche virus (OROV) is a segmented RNA virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus in the family Peribunyaviridae. Herein, an in-house droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was used for the detection and quantification of OROV. METHODS: The ddPCR reaction was assessed as duplex assay using the human housekeeping gene RPP30. Limit of detection (LoD) analysis was performed in whole blood, serum, and urine. The assay was executed on a total of 28 clinical samples (whole blood n = 9, serum n = 11, and urine n = 8), of which 16 specimens were tested positive at the routine molecular diagnostics (endpoint and real-time PCRs). RESULTS: The LoD of the ddPCR performed using 10-fold serial dilution of OROV detected up to 1 cp/µL in all the biological matrices. Compared to the routine molecular diagnostics, the ddPCR assay showed 100% sensitivity for whole blood and serum and 75% for urine, highlighting higher positive rate of ddPCR. CONCLUSION: We have established a quantitative RNA detection method of OROV with high sensitivity and specificity based on ddPCR. This test is capable of quantitatively monitoring the viral load of OROV and can contribute, in addition to laboratory diagnosis, to shed light on the pathogenesis, filling in the knowledge gaps of this neglected disease and to the vector control programs.",2024,Sep,Viruses,16,9,,,10.3390/v16091426,39339902,#561,Pomari 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-08 00:06:38)(Select): study on assay for OROV detection rather than OROV itself; ",""
+Surge in Oropouche fever: the tip of the iceberg in a new public health challenge in Brazil.,de Paiva Barçante JM; Cherem J,,2024,Sep,Lancet Microbe,,,100994,,10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100994,39332428,#562,dePaivaBarçante 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Potential for international spread of Oropouche virus via commercial air travel.,Portillo MT; Marwah A; Kraemer MUG; Thomas-Bachli A; Khan K; Bogoch II,,2024,Sep,J Travel Med,,,,,10.1093/jtm/taae128,39325978,#563,Portillo 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Letter to the editor: Oropouche virus risk for European travellers to Cuba: an emerging public health concern.,Giovanetti M; Branda F; Scarpa F; Ciccozzi M; Ceccarelli G,,2024,Sep,Euro Surveill,29,38,,,10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400599,39301742,#565,Giovanetti 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-07 23:38:27)(Select): case reports / outbreaks all referencing other papers rather than first reports; ",useful although not included
+Author's response: Oropouche virus risk for European travellers to Cuba: an emerging public health concern.,Castilletti C; Gobbi FG,,2024,Sep,Euro Surveill,29,38,,,10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400607,39301740,#566,Castilletti 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Potential vertical transmission of Oropouche virus during the current outbreak.,Samara A; Coutinho CM; Veal P; Osborne J; Duarte G; Ladhani S; Khalil A,,2024,Nov,Lancet Infect Dis,24,11,e668-e669,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00571-1,39265591,#573,Samara 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-08 22:12:04)(Select): all information of interest taken from other papers/reports; ,""
+Oropouche fever rears its head in Cuba: What lies beneath the surface?,Escobedo AA; Rodríguez-Morales AJ,,2024,Dec,New Microbes New Infect,62,,101460,,10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101460,39262674,#574,Escobedo 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Why are doctors being warned about the Oropouche virus?,Taylor L,,2024,Sep,BMJ,386,,q1944,,10.1136/bmj.q1944,39237316,#576,Taylor 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-07 23:36:48)(Select): this just states WHO reported numbers and has a narrative overview. Don't think this has anything to extract; Ruth McCabe (2024-12-09 00:49:30)(Select): agree; ",News
+"Epidemiological and clinical overview of the 2024 Oropouche virus disease outbreaks, an emerging/re-emerging neurotropic arboviral disease and global public health threat.",Liu BM,,2024,Sep,J Med Virol,96,9,e29897,,10.1002/jmv.29897,39221481,#578,Liu 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Oropouche Virus Spreads to New Regions in Latin America.,Anderer S,,2024,Sep,JAMA,332,12,954,,10.1001/jama.2024.15885,39212969,#581,Anderer 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",News
+"New insights into Oropouche: expanding geographic spread, mortality, vertical transmission, and birth defects.",Huits R; Waggoner JJ; Castilletti C,,2024,Oct,J Travel Med,31,7,,,10.1093/jtm/taae117,39209329,#583,Huits 2024,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-08 00:37:30)(Select): Perspective piece, I think everything which is of interest is from other papers/reports; ",""
+Oropouche fever in Brazil: When the time is now.,Diniz D; Brito L; Carino G; Santos AHD,,2024,Sep,Dev World Bioeth,24,3,137-138,,10.1111/dewb.12463,39205480,#585,Diniz 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Oropouche fever: reports of vertical transmission and deaths in Brazil.,Martins-Filho PR; Carvalho TA; Dos Santos CA,,2024,Nov,Lancet Infect Dis,24,11,e662-e663,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00557-7,39182500,#588,Martins-Filho 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Potential risks of Oropouche virus importation into Europe.,Capobianchi MR; Castilletti C; Gobbi FG,"Imported cases of Oropouche fever were recently detected in Italy. Upcoming mass events, i.e. the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris and the 2025 Jubilee in Rome, represent increasing likelihood of further OROV importation and potential spread in new areas, underscoring the importance of strengthening surveillance, laboratory capacity and ecology studies.",2024,Oct,J Travel Med,31,7,,,10.1093/jtm/taae109,39158358,#589,Capobianchi 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+The emergence of Oropouche virus in Cuba - A wake-up call for global health.,Al-Tawfiq JA; Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Johani SA,,2024,Sep,J Infect Public Health,17,9,102513,,10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102513,39142079,#590,Al-Tawfiq 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"Oropouche fever, the mysterious threat.",The Lancet Infectious Diseases,,2024,Sep,Lancet Infect Dis,24,9,935,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00516-4,39128474,#592,TheLancetInfectiousDiseases 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+First diagnoses of Oropouche virus in Europe: how can we strengthen communication and preparedness globally?,Castilletti C; Mori A; Pomari E; Matucci A; Martelli G; Curiale S; Angheben A; Gobbi FG,,2024,Oct,Lancet Infect Dis,24,10,e602-e603,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00496-1,39127059,#594,Castilletti 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Sabine van Elsland (2024-12-06 23:41:43)(Select): Added full text - this is correspondence but includes case reports ; Christian Morgenstern (2024-12-07 23:41:14)(Select): case reports cite other publications though; ",""
+Oropouche virus risk for European travellers to Cuba: an emerging public health concern,"Castilletti, C; Gobbi, FG",,2024,,EUROSURVEILLANCE,29,38,,WOS:001318936100006,10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400607,,#634,Castilletti 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Letter
+Vector competence for Oropouche virus: a systematic review of pre-2024 experiments,"Gallichotte, Emily N; Ebel, Gregory D; Carlson, Colin J","The 2023-24 epidemic of Oropouche fever in the Americas and the associated ongoing outbreak in Cuba suggests a potential state shift in the epidemiology of the disease, raising questions about which vectors are driving transmission. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of vector competence experiments with Oropouche virus (OROV, Orthobunyavirus) that were published prior to the 2023-24 epidemic season. Only seven studies were published by September 2024, highlighting the chronic neglect that Oropouche virus (like many other orthobunyaviruses) has been subjected to since its discovery in 1954. Two species of midge (Culicoides paraensis and C. sonorensis) consistently demonstrate a high competence to transmit OROV, while mosquitoes (including both Aedes and Culex spp.) exhibited an infection rate consistently below ∼20%, and showed limited OROV transmission. Further research is needed to establish which vectors are involved in the ongoing outbreak in Cuba, and whether local vectors create any risk of establishment in regions with frequent travel to Latin America and the Caribbean.Author Summary Oropouche virus has recently become a major threat to public health in Central and South America. While OROV is mainly transmitted by biting midges, some public health agencies and scientific sources note that some mosquito species may also transmit the virus. We conducted a systematic review of literature prior to the current epidemic, and identified seven studies that experimentally tested the ability of vectors to become infected with, and transmit OROV (i.e., that assessed their vector competence). These studies have consistently found that biting midges become infected at higher rates than mosquitoes, which rarely transmit the virus. It is unclear which vectors are responsible for transmitting OROV in the current outbreak. Existing published data support the observation that biting midges are likely to be significant vectors compared to mosquitoes, which are comparatively incompetent. However, increased vector surveillance and pathogen testing, and additional vector competence experiments using current OROV strains, are urgently needed.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementENG, GDE and CJC were supported by funding to Verena (viralemergence.org) from the U.S. National Science Foundation, including NSF DBI 2021909 and NSF DBI 2213854.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesI confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesAll data are publicly available on Figshare. A citation to the data is given in the article. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Oropouche_vector_competence_data/27157029?file=49574412",2024,01/01,medRxiv,,,2024.10.17.24315699,,10.1101/2024.10.17.24315699,,#645,Gallichotte 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+"Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control.",Porwal S; Malviya R; Sridhar SB; Shareef J; Wadhwa T,"The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as Culicoides midges and Culex mosquitos, with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts. The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and potential preventive strategies for OROV. OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences. Its growing threat, especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities, is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission. Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses, limiting early diagnosis; nonetheless, molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification. The current therapy is restricted to symptom control, highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations. Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries. However, the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection. To combat OROV, improved surveillance, strong public health initiatives, and quick vaccine development are needed. Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.",2025,Jun,Infect Med (Beijing),4,2,100177,,10.1016/j.imj.2025.100177,40290155,#660,Porwal 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+"Oropouche orthobunyavirus in Urban Mosquitoes: Vector Competence, Coinfection, and Immune System Activation in Aedes aegypti.",de Mendonça SF; Baldon LVR; Todjro YMH; Marçal BA; Rodrigues MEC; Moreira RL; Santos EC; Rocha MN; de Faria IJDS; Silva BDM; Pereira TN; de Freitas AC; Duarte MM; Iani FCM; Guimarães NR; Adelino TER; Giovanetti M; Alcantara LCJ; Ferreira ÁGA; Moreira LA,"Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is an emerging public health concern due to its expanding geographic range and increasing case numbers. In Brazil, 13,785 cases were confirmed in 2024, with an additional 3680 reported by January 2025, according to the Ministry of Health. Initially restricted to the Amazon region, OROV has recently been detected in new areas, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and vector control strategies. While Culicoides paraensis is the primary vector, the potential role of other species in transmitting the currently circulating OROV strain in Brazil remains unclear. Here, we experimentally assessed the infectivity and dissemination of a recently isolated Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) strain in two widespread mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, collected from diverse regions of Brazil. Our results demonstrated that both mosquito species were refractory to oral infection, suggesting that natural transmission through these vectors is unlikely. However, in artificial systemic infection, Ae. aegypti showed viral replication and immune system activation, indicating its potential to support OROV replication under specific conditions. Additionally, to assess the potential impact of coinfection, we investigated whether Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus that naturally infects Ae. aegypti, could facilitate OROV infection dynamics in this mosquito species. Our results suggest that coinfection does not promote OROV oral infection. Furthermore, we examined whether OROV systemic infection induced an immune response in Ae aegypti. We analyzed the major immune response pathways-RNAi, Toll, IMD, and JAK-STAT-and observed that the RNAi pathway was the most strongly activated in response to OROV infection in Ae. aegypti. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and further studies on OROV evolution, vector adaptation, and transmission dynamics, particularly in urban settings where vector populations and viral interactions may facilitate new epidemiological scenarios.",2025,Mar,Viruses,17,4,,,10.3390/v17040492,40284935,#661,deMendonça 2025,Exclusion reason: In vitro study; ,""
+"Reemergence of Oropouche virus infection in Venezuela, 2025.",Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Navarro JC; Paniz-Mondolfi A; Forero-Peña DA; Romero-Alvarez D; Naranjo-Lara L; Suárez JA,,2025,Jun,New Microbes New Infect,65,,101583,,10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101583,40248175,#664,Rodriguez-Morales 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+The foretold Oropouche fever epidemic.,Romero-Alvarez D; Manore CA,,2025,Apr,Lancet Infect Dis,,,,,10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00165-3,40245908,#666,Romero-Alvarez 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"First report of Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi, 1905) (Diptera: Ceratoponidae) in Cuba: A new challenge for public health.",Pérez YM; Ibáñez AC; Díaz ZM; Acosta EC; González MS; García NC; Del Rosario Casanova Drake Q; Gutierrez-Bugallo G,"Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) (Diptera: Ceratoponidae) is considered the primary vector of Oropouche virus (Orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) in the American Tropics. Here, we report the first record of C. paraensis in Cuba, during the first known outbreak of Oropouche fever outside its endemic range in the Amazon region. Using human landing catches, we collected 98 specimens of C. paraensis in three Cuban provinces (Santiago de Cuba, Cienfuegos, and Havana), where Oropouche fever had been documented in humans. This species was not captured using various traps deployed at the sampling sites (BG-Sentinel, New Jersey traps, and CDC light traps), which may explain why C. paraensis had not been previously reported in Cuba. In North America, C. paraensis develops in wet treeholes, while in tropical regions, it uses cacao husks and banana stumps as larval habitats. However, the specific larval development sites for this species in Cuba are unknown. The capture of adult female C. paraensis in areas of active Oropouche virus circulation suggests their involvement in virus transmission in Cuba.",2025,May,Parasite Epidemiol Control,29,,e00423,,10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00423,40230829,#668,Pérez 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-01 22:53:17)(Select): They're just looking for species rather than testing them for orov I think?; ",""
+"Viral shedding in saliva, axillary, rectal and vaginal swabs of an imported case of Dengue - Oropouche Virus Co-infection.",Vita S; Colavita F; Maffongelli G; Carletti F; Scorzolini L; Matusali G; Tomassi MV; Meschi S; D'Abramo A; Girardi E; Vairo F; Maggi F; Nicastri E,,2025,Apr,Travel Med Infect Dis,,,102854,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102854,40216346,#669,Vita 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-07 05:04:58)(Included): this reports on a case covered in #726; ,""
+The Oropouche virus (OROV) and need of advanced diagnostics to mitigate it.,Patel SK; Niranjan AK; Rana J; Agrawal A; Kumar A; Nikhil KC; Emran TB,,2025,Apr,Ann Med Surg (Lond),87,4,2516-2517,,10.1097/MS9.0000000000003131,40212184,#670,Patel 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+The Oropouche fever in Latin America: a hidden threat and a possible cause of microcephaly due to vertical transmission.,Sansone NMS; Boschiero MN; Marques LFA; Marson FAL,,2025,,Front Public Health,13,,1490252,,10.3389/fpubh.2025.1490252,40206154,#671,SansoneNMS 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Clinical presentation of Oropouche virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,Wang Z; Huang L; Zhang X; Zhu X; Long X; Cao D; Li Y,"BACKGROUND: The recent surge in incidence and geographic spread of OROV infections poses an escalating threat to global public health. However, studies exploring the clinical signs of OROV infection remains exceedingly limited. METHODS: We searched for OROV studies published until June 17, 2024, in several electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: In total, 15 studies involving 806 patients with OROV infection were eligible for inclusion. General symptoms with fever and headache were the most common. Gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea/vomiting, anorexia, and odynophagia were also prevalent, along with ocular symptoms, mainly retro-orbital pain, photophobia, and redness. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat and nasal congestion, are present, and skin-related issues like rash, pruritus, and pallor were also identified. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study provides a foundational understanding of OROV's clinical manifestations to guide diagnosis, management, and public health interventions against this neglected tropical disease.",2025,Apr,PLoS Negl Trop Dis,19,4,e0012962,,10.1371/journal.pntd.0012962,40173204,#673,Wang 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Genomic Insights into Neglected Orthobunyaviruses: Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis.,Sankhe S; Dieng I; Kane M; Diallo A; Ndiaye NA; Top NM; Dia M; Faye O; Sall AA; Sembene PM; Loucoubar C; Faye M; Diagne MM,"Orthobunyaviruses are a diverse group of segmented RNA viruses with significant but underexplored public and veterinary health implications. This study provides a genomic, phylogenetic, and ecological analysis of neglected Orthobunyaviruses using next-generation sequencing and computational predictions. We identified unique phylogenetic relationships, with Tanga virus forming a distinct lineage linked to zoonotic, human-associated, or non-vertebrate viruses across segments. GC content analysis revealed segment-specific patterns: higher GC content in the S segment suggests genomic stability and immune evasion, while lower GC content in the L segment reflects host-vector adaptation. Phylogenetic ties to well-characterized pathogenic viruses, such as Ilesha virus with Cache Valley virus and Bwamba virus with California encephalitis virus, indicate potential neurotropism. Ingwavuma virus clustered with Oropouche virus, suggesting risks of systemic febrile illnesses. Within the Simbu serogroup, Sango and Sabo viruses show teratogenic risks to livestock. Vector and host predictions implicate rodents, artiodactyls, and primates in Orthobunyavirus transmission, emphasizing complex ecological dynamics and zoonotic potential. These findings advance the understanding of Orthobunyavirus diversity, linking genomic features to pathogenicity and ecological adaptation, while providing a foundation for future surveillance and intervention strategies targeting these neglected viruses.",2025,Mar,Viruses,17,3,,,10.3390/v17030406,40143333,#676,Sankhe 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:29:00)(Select): genomic analysis; ",genomics
+Congenital Oropouche in Humans: Clinical Characterization of a Possible New Teratogenic Syndrome.,Ribeiro BFR; Barreto ARF; Pessoa A; Azevedo RDSDS; Rodrigues FF; Borges BDCB; Mantilla NPM; Muniz DD; Chiang JO; Fraga LR; Vianna FSL; Sanseverino MTV; Faccini LS; Martins FEDN; Azevedo RDS; Martins LC; Casseb LMN; Oliveira CS; Vasconcelos PFDC; Quaresma JAS; Abeche AM; Prazeres VMG; Oliveira LAN; Karam SM; Radin G; Del Campo M; Ventura CV; Schuler-Faccini L,"Oropouche fever is caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV; Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus), one of the most frequent arboviruses that infect humans in the Brazilian Amazon. This year, an OROV outbreak was identified in Brazil, and its vertical transmission was reported, which was associated with fetal death and microcephaly. We describe the clinical manifestations identified in three cases of congenital OROV infection with confirmed serology (OROV-IgM) in the mother-newborn binomial. One of the newborns died, and post-mortem molecular analysis using real-time RT-qPCR identified the OROV genome in several tissues. All three newborns were born in the Amazon region in Brazil, and the mothers reported fever, rash, headache, myalgia, and/or retro-orbital pain during pregnancy. The newborns presented with severe microcephaly secondary to brain damage and arthrogryposis, suggestive of an embryo/fetal disruptive process at birth. Brain and spinal images identified overlapping sutures, cerebral atrophy, brain cysts, thinning of the spinal cord, corpus callosum, and posterior fossa abnormalities. Fundoscopic findings included macular chorioretinal scars, focal pigment mottling, and vascular attenuation. The clinical presentation of vertical OROV infection resembled congenital Zika syndrome to some extent but presents some distinctive features on brain imaging and in several aspects of its neurological presentation. A recognizable syndrome with severe brain damage, neurological alterations, arthrogryposis, and fundoscopic abnormalities can be associated with in utero OROV infection.",2025,Mar,Viruses,17,3,,,10.3390/v17030397,40143324,#677,RibeiroBFR 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-15 21:00:25)(Select): information here is covered in #543; ,""
+"Oropouche Virus: Isolation and Ultrastructural Characterization from a Human Case Sample from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Using an In Vitro System.",de Almeida ALT; da Costa IPS; Garcia MDDN; da Silva MAN; Lazzaro YG; de Filippis AMB; Nogueira FB; Barreto-Vieira DF,"The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a segmented negative-sense RNA arbovirus member of the Peribunyaviridae family, associated with recurring epidemics of Oropouche fever in Central and South America. Since its identification in 1955, OROV has been responsible for outbreaks in both rural and urban areas, with transmission involving sylvatic and urban cycles. This study focuses on the characterization of an OROV isolate from a human clinical sample collected in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a non-endemic region in Brazil, highlighting ultrastructural and morphological aspects of the viral replicative cycle in Vero cells. OROV was isolated in Vero cell monolayers which, following viral inoculation, exhibited marked cytopathic effects (CPEs), mainly represented by changes in cell morphology, including membrane protrusions and vacuolization, as well as cell death. Studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed significant ultrastructural changes, such as apoptosis, intense remodeling of membrane-bound organelles and signs of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress. Additionally, the formation of specialized cytoplasmic vacuoles and intra- and extracellular vesicles emphasized trafficking and intercellular communication as essential mechanisms in OROV infection. RT-qPCR studies confirmed the production of viral progeny in high titers, corroborating the efficiency of this experimental model. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cytopathogenic mechanisms of OROV infection and the contribution of cellular alterations in OROV morphogenesis.",2025,Mar,Viruses,17,3,,,10.3390/v17030373,40143301,#678,deAlmeidaALT 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+"Oropouche Virus (OROV): Expanding Threats, Shifting Patterns, and the Urgent Need for Collaborative Research in Latin America.",Ribas Freitas AR; Schwartz DA; Lima Neto AS; Rodrigues R; Cavalcanti LPG; Alarcón-Elbal PM,"Recent outbreaks of Oropouche virus (OROV) in Latin America demonstrate shifting epidemiological trends, with increasing clinical severity and geographic expansion driven by environmental and anthropogenic factors, many of which remain uncertain. Viral evolution with new reassortant strains, changes in vectors, environmental degradation, and human activities have been postulated as factors that have facilitated its spread into new areas beyond the Amazon Basin. Multiple reports starting in July 2024 of pregnant women with Oropouche fever developing vertical infections and adverse perinatal outcomes, including placental infection, stillbirth, and fetal infections with microcephaly and malformation syndromes, have reinforced the public health significance of this disease. Here, we describe the evidence surrounding this re-emerging epidemic threat, examine these changes, and propose specific strategies for enhanced surveillance and a public health response.",2025,Feb,Viruses,17,3,,,10.3390/v17030353,40143283,#679,RibasFreitas 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche Virus: The Next (Re)Emerging Arboviral Threat?,Mira P; Theel ES,,2025,Mar,Clin Chem,,,,,10.1093/clinchem/hvaf017,40071632,#684,Mira 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus.,Dinh T; Kanji J; Vaughan S,,2025,Mar,CMAJ,197,9,E244,,10.1503/cmaj.241440,40064505,#686,Dinh 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus - another antecedent event for Guillain-Barré syndrome?,González-Quevedo A; Lestayo O'Farrill Z; Mustelier Becquer R,"In May 2024, the Pan American Health Organization issued alerts of increased numbers of cases of Oropouche fever in non-Amazonian regions in Latin America. Following this, an association between Oropouche fever and Guillain-Barré syndrome was reported in three patients in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Neurological manifestations have rarely been described in relation to Oropouche virus infection. Previously, encephalitis and meningoencephalitis have been associated with Oropouche virus infection, but now the virus seems also to be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this article we describe the main factors that could underlie the increased incidence of Oropouche fever and its neurological complications. Oropouche virus should be recognized as a potential pathogen in cases of fever associated with neurological symptoms (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome). Medical professionals and health systems need to be aware of these complications and the importance of early diagnosis and preparedness, especially during large outbreaks or in patients living in or coming from endemic regions.",2025,,Rev Panam Salud Publica,49,,e23,,10.26633/RPSP.2025.23,39980596,#692,González-Quevedo 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+A potential mechanism of transplacental transmission of Oropouche virus in pregnancy.,Schwartz DA; Baud D; Dashraath P,,2025,Feb,Lancet Microbe,,,101083,,10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101083,39965583,#693,Schwartz 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"The next arbovirus epidemic in Latin America and beyond: A question of when, not if - Mayaro, Oropouche, Usutu or Disease X?",Mattar S; López Y; Arrieta G; Mattar AS; Bandeira AC; Paniz-Mondolfi A; Drexler JF; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,,2025,Mar-Apr,Travel Med Infect Dis,64,,102818,,10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102818,39954795,#694,Mattar 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Arthropod-Borne and Rodent-Borne Infections in Peru From 1990 to 2022.,Guevara C; Ampuero JS; Schilling M,"Arboviral and rodent-borne infections are considered a public health concern and pose a significant threat to military service members when deployed in austere environments. In 1990, the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU) SOUTH, in collaboration with the Peruvian Ministry of Health, initiated febrile illnesses surveillance in Iquitos, Loreto, later expanding to 33 health facilities throughout the country. Additionally, different techniques were developed to maximize virus detection. The activities were crucial in identifying evidence of circulating dengue, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, and Oropouche viruses in the region. Subsequently, Eastern equine encephalitis, encephalomyocarditis, Guaroa, Saint Louis encephalitis, and Rio Mamore viruses, among others, were discovered through our surveillance networks. The results of 3 decades of surveillance identified 16 novel arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses, contributing to public health control and force health protection for the United States and partner nations.",2025,Feb,J Infect Dis,231,Supplement_1,S72-S79,,10.1093/infdis/jiae608,39928390,#696,Guevara 2025,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-01 22:34:53)(Select): I am confident there is case information there but its only in the map, in any case we should note that it was found somewhere; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-13 22:00:22)(Included): estimates are all from another paper; ",""
+Oropouche virus disease-region of the Americas.,Pereira MR,,2025,Apr,Am J Transplant,25,4,644-645,,10.1016/j.ajt.2025.01.043,39924112,#697,Pereira 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Risk of Oropouche virus importation to Southeast Asia via international travelers.,Ali QM; Imad HA; Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Matsee W,,2025,Mar,J Travel Med,32,2,,,10.1093/jtm/taaf009,39876769,#700,Ali 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"Novel Reassortants of Oropouche Virus (OROV) Are Causing Maternal-Fetal Infection During Pregnancy, Stillbirth, Congenital Microcephaly and Malformation Syndromes.",Schwartz DA,"Oropouche virus (OROV) is an orthobunyavirus endemic in the Brazilian Amazon that has caused numerous outbreaks of febrile disease since its discovery in 1955. During 2024, Oropouche fever spread from the endemic regions of Brazil into non-endemic areas and other Latin American and Caribbean countries, resulting in 13,014 confirmed infections. Similarly to other orthobunyaviruses, OROV can undergo genetic reassortment events with itself as well as other viruses. This occurred during this current outbreak, resulting in novel strains with increased pathogenicity and levels of transmission. For the first time, pregnant women with Oropouche fever have sustained poor perinatal outcomes, including miscarriage, fetal demise, stillbirths and malformation syndromes including microcephaly. In July 2024, PAHO issued an Epidemiological Alert warning of the association of OROV with vertical transmission. OROV has now been identified in the fetal blood, cerebrospinal fluid, placenta and umbilical cords, and fetal somatic organs including the liver, kidneys, brain, spleen, heart, and lungs using nucleic acid and antigen testing. Perinatal autopsy pathology has confirmed central nervous system infection from OROV in infants with congenital infection including microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, agenesis of corpus callosum, and neuronal necrosis. The latest data from Brazil show 3 confirmed cases of OROV vertical transmission; 2 cases of fetal death; 1 case of congenital malformation; and ongoing investigations into the role of OROV in 15 cases of fetal death, 3 cases of congenital malformations and 5 spontaneous miscarriages. This Commentary discusses the mechanisms and significance of development of novel reassortant strains of OROV during the current outbreak and their recent recognition as causing vertical infection and adverse perinatal outcomes among pregnant women with Oropouche fever.",2025,Jan,Genes (Basel),16,1,,,10.3390/genes16010087,39858634,#703,Schwartz 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Lack of Competence of US Mosquito Species for Circulating Oropouche Virus.,Payne AF; Stout J; Dumoulin P; Locksmith T; Heberlein LA; Mitchell M; Rodriguez-Hilario A; Dupuis AP 2nd; Ciota AT,"Given recent outbreaks of Oropouche virus in Latin America and >100 confirmed travel-associated cases in the United States, we evaluated the competence of US vectors, including Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes. Results with historic and recent isolates suggest transmission potential for those species is low.",2025,Mar,Emerg Infect Dis,31,3,619-621,,10.3201/eid3103.241886,39837096,#706,Payne 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Vertical transmission potential of Oropouche virus infection in human pregnancies.,Dashraath P; Nielsen-Saines K; Schwartz DA; Musso D; Baud D,,2025,Feb,AJOG Glob Rep,5,1,100431,,10.1016/j.xagr.2024.100431,39810944,#707,Dashraath 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+The growing challenge of arboviruses in Latin America: Dengue and Oropouche in focus.,Barçante JMP; Cherem J,,2025,Jan,PLoS Negl Trop Dis,19,1,e0012789,,10.1371/journal.pntd.0012789,39774333,#709,BarçanteJMP 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropuche Virus-An Emerging Pathogen With Escalating Risk for Outbreaks of Human Infection.,Brisse M; Ly H,,2025,Jan,J Med Virol,97,1,e70155,,10.1002/jmv.70155,39764714,#710,Brisse 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus and the urgent need for global surveillance.,Giovanetti M,,2025,Jan,Nat Microbiol,10,1,2-3,,10.1038/s41564-024-01897-2,39762432,#711,Giovanetti 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Concerns and implications of Oropouche virus infection during pregnancy: A call for further research and public health action.,Yoosuf BT; Mehta R; Sah S,,2025,Feb,New Microbes New Infect,63,,101549,,10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101549,39759405,#712,Yoosuf 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Addressing the emerging threat of Oropouche virus: implications and public health responses for healthcare systems.,Okesanya OJ; Amisu BO; Adigun OA; Ahmed MM; Agboola AO; Kab T; Eshun G; Ukoaka BM; Oso TA; Ogaya JB; Lucero-Prisno DE 3rd,"Oropouche fever is an increasingly significant health concern in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America, and is primarily spread by midge vectors. The Oropouche virus (OROV) was first identified in 1955 and has been responsible for numerous outbreaks, particularly in urban environments. Despite its prevalence, the disease is often under-reported, making it difficult to fully understand its impact. OROV typically causes febrile illness characterized by symptoms such as headaches, muscle pain, and, occasionally, neurological issues such as meningitis. The ability of the virus to thrive in both forested and urban areas has raised concerns regarding its potential spread to new regions, particularly in the context of climate change. This paper delves into the epidemiology, clinical features, and transmission patterns of OROV, shedding light on the difficulties in diagnosing and managing the disease. The absence of specific treatments and vaccines highlights the urgent need for continued research and development of targeted public health strategies. Advancements in molecular diagnostics and vector control strategies can mitigate Oropouche fever's impact. However, a comprehensive public health approach involving increased surveillance, public education, and cross-border collaboration is needed, especially as the global climate crisis may expand vector habitats, posing risks to previously unaffected regions.",2025,Jan,Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines,11,1,1,,10.1186/s40794-024-00236-x,39748388,#713,Okesanya 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Environmental Crisis and the Emergence of the Oropouche: A Potential Public Health Problem.,Barreto MDS; Santos RS; Santana LADM; Gopalsamy RG; Hariharan G; Brasileiro BF; Gurgel RQ; Correia D; Trento CL; Borges LP,,2024,,Rev Soc Bras Med Trop,57,,e011032024,,10.1590/0037-8682-0295-2024,39699548,#717,BarretoMDS 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+"Oropouche virus: Understanding ""sloth fever"" disease dynamics and novel intervention strategies against this emerging neglected tropical disease.",Cain M; Ly H,"Oropouche virus (OROV), an arbovirus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus and Peribunyaviridae family, is the causative agent of the so-called ""sloth fever."" The virus primarily relies on the midge vector Culicoides paraensis for transmission, maintaining both sylvatic and urban cycles. Human infections are characterized by acute febrile symptoms, and severe cases can lead to neurological complications. Since its first isolation in 1955, OROV has caused numerous outbreaks throughout South America, infecting over half a million people. Recent outbreaks in the Amazon and the Caribbean, along with cases reported in U.S. travellers, underscore the growing threat of OROV amid climate change and increased global travel. With no FDA-approved vaccines or specific antiviral treatments available, current management of the disease caused by OROV infection is limited to supportive care. The urgent need for effective vaccines is amplified by the potential for geographic expansion of the virus and its transmitting vector(s). The ongoing development of OROV vaccine candidates represents a crucial step towards controlling future OROV outbreaks and enhancing global public-health preparedness against this emerging infectious disease.",2024,Dec,Virulence,15,1,2439521,,10.1080/21505594.2024.2439521,39670816,#720,Cain 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+PAHO: Americas report record dengue and Oropouche cases.,Taylor L,,2024,Dec,BMJ,387,,q2808,,10.1136/bmj.q2808,39667775,#721,Taylor 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Unprecedented Oropouche Fever Outbreak in Brazil: Could the M Segment-Encoded Proteins Provide Clues to Possible Insights?,Silva Júnior JVJ; Lopes TRR; Pedroso NH; Durães-Carvalho R; Weiblen R; Flores EF; Gil LHVG,,2024,Dec,J Med Virol,96,12,e70112,,10.1002/jmv.70112,39660452,#723,SilvaJúniorJVJ 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-27 20:29:06)(Select): genomic analysis; ",genomics
+"Pregnancy Loss, Oropouche Virus and the Lessons from Pernambuco, Brazil.",Srivastava S; Sharma D; Kumar S; Mali SN; Mehta R; Apostolopoulos V; Sah R; do Socorro Souza Chaves T; Luna C; Rodriguez-Morales AJ,,2024,,Infez Med,32,4,417-420,,10.53854/liim-3204-1,39660163,#724,Srivastava 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Emerging risk of sexual transmission of Oropouche virus.,Pareek A; Singhal R; Sah R; Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Apostolopoulos V,,2024,Dec,Sex Transm Infect,,,,,10.1136/sextrans-2024-056418,39643437,#727,Pareek 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Additional lessons to prepare for rapid research response to possible vertical transmission of Oropouche virus in Brazil.,Diniz D; Brito L; Griner A; Kingori P; Ogden R,,2025,Jan,Lancet Infect Dis,25,1,e9,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00770-9,39608388,#730,Diniz 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Probing Oropouche fever ecology beyond the Amazon.,Postigo-Hidalgo I; Drexler JF,,2025,Apr,Lancet Infect Dis,25,4,358-359,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00728-X,39557056,#735,Postigo-Hidalgo 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche Virus: A Rising Threat in the Western Hemisphere.,O'Laughlin K; Huits R; Libman M; Kozarsky P; Hamer DH,,2025,Jan,Ann Intern Med,178,1,116-118,,10.7326/ANNALS-24-03049,39556840,#737,O'Laughlin 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus infection: Differential clinical outcomes and emerging global concerns of vertical transmission and fatal cases.,Ceccarelli G; Branda F; Scarpa F; Ciccozzi M; Alcantara LCJ; Giovanetti M,,2025,Jan,Int J Infect Dis,150,,107295,,10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107295,39515636,#740,Ceccarelli 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus: A re-emerging arbovirus of clinical significance.,Desai AN; Otter A; Koopmans M; Granata G; Grobusch MP; Tunali V; Astorri R; Jokelainen P; Greub G; Ergönül Ö; Valdoleiros SR; Rovers CP; Di Caro A; Pisapia R; Fusco FM; Pereira do Vale A; Krogfelt KA; Petersen E; Atkinson B,,2024,Dec,IJID Reg,13,,100456,,10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100456,39507390,#741,Desai 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche virus and potential birth defects.,Nielsen-Saines K; Brasil P,,2025,Feb,Lancet Infect Dis,25,2,136-137,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00651-0,39423839,#752,Nielsen-Saines 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Re-emergence of Oropouche virus in Brazil and Latin America.,Rodriguez-Morales AJ; Drexler JF,,2025,Feb,Lancet Infect Dis,25,2,137-139,,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00672-8,39423836,#755,Rodriguez-Morales 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Oropouche Virus: An Emerging Neuroinvasive Arbovirus,"Pastula, DM; Beckham, JD; Tyler, KL",,2025,,ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY,97,1,28-33,WOS:001357992400001,10.1002/ana.27139,,#867,Pastula 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Key clinical manifestations to differentiate Oropouche fever from dengue and other arboviral diseases: a living systematic review,"Tortosa, F; Castillo, GG; Izcovich, A; Luz, K; dos Santos, T; Gonzalez-Escobar, G; Ragusa, MA; Gresh, L; Mendez-Rico, JA; Reveiz, L",,2024,,REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH,48,,,WOS:001360454000001,10.26633/RPSP.2024.136,,#894,Tortosa 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,Review
+Oropouche virus in Panama,"Mcquillan, C",,2025,,LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES,25,3,e144-e144,WOS:001436962400002,,,#901,Mcquillan 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-01 23:27:25)(Select): https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473-3099(25)00100-8.pdf; ,""
+Geographical expansion of Oropouche,[Anonymous],,2025,,BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,103,1,,WOS:001415851300004,,,#904,[Anonymous] 2025,"Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); Ruth McCabe (2025-05-01 23:04:39)(Select): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11704628/; Ruth McCabe (2025-05-01 23:05:07)(Select): I haven't come across this before and unsure what to do about it. It looks as if the info comes from a DON, e.g. this is not the original source; ",""
+"Oropouche fever, the mysterious threat",[Anonymous],,2024,,LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES,24,9,935-935,WOS:001301021800001,10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00516-4,,#908,[Anonymous] 2024,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+Oropouche virus in Brazil: Assessing the risks and challenges for transfusion medicine,"Policastro, LR; de La-Roque, DGL; Calado, RT; Covas, DT; Alcantara, LC; Giovanetti, M; Kashima, S",,2024,,VOX SANGUINIS,,,,WOS:001390310300001,10.1111/vox.13784,,#942,Policastro 2024,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Serologic and Molecular Evidence of Arboviruses in Nonhuman Primates in Northeast Brazil,"Bandeira, ILC; Martins, MG; Santos, ADM; de Oliveira, CF; dos Santos, EB; Silv, FDE; Chiang, JO; Vasconcelos, PFD; Nicola, PA",,2025,,ECOHEALTH,22,1,29-41,WOS:001396016700001,10.1007/s10393-024-01695-6,,#979,Bandeira 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""
+(Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon,"Dye-Braumuller, KC; Prisco, RA; Nolan, MS",,2025,,MICROORGANISMS,13,3,,WOS:001452838300001,10.3390/microorganisms13030650,,#981,Dye-Braumuller 2025,Exclusion reason: Reports estimates from other papers (not original estimates); ,""
+Protein-based tools for the detection and characterisation of Oropouche virus infection,"Merchant, Monique K.; de Paula Souza, Juliano; Abdelkarim, Sahar; Chakraborty, Shrestha; Nasser Neto, Tufi A.; Gutierrez Manchay, Kristel I.; de Melo Jorge, Daniel M.; Alves do Nascimento, Valdinete; Sun, Yuxian; Caroe, Eve R.; Eyssen, Lauren E.A.; Rudd, Jared S.; Ribeiro Piauilino, Isa C.; Damasceno Pinto, Sérgio; Pereira da Silva, Matheus H.; Rocha do Nascimento, Felipe; Gomes Naveca, Filipe; Proenca Modena, José L.; daSilva, Luis L.P.; Pinto de Figueiredo, Regina M.; Owens, Raymond J.; Arruda, Eurico; Graham, Stephen C.","Oropouche fever is a neglected tropical viral disease endemic to Latin America and the Caribbean. Oropouche fever is caused by Oropouche virus (OROV), an orthobunyavirus with a tri-segmented (-)ssRNA genome. A recent epidemic caused by a novel reassortant has seen the first recorded deaths from OROV infection and reports of vertical transmission, affecting individuals across a dramatically expanded geographical range. Despite its importance as an emerging pathogen, research into OROV infection is hampered by paucity of available tools for serology and molecular virology. We have purified high-quality recombinant OROV nucleoprotein and the spike region of the viral surface glycoprotein Gc. We have used these antigens in indirect ELISA to detect seroconversion following experimental infection of animals, confirming their antigenic authenticity. These antigens stimulate the production of high neutralizing antibody titres in animals, highlighting their promise as immunogens for vaccination. We generated nanobodies that recognize both recombinant and infection-derived OROV antigens and developed a sandwich ELISA assay that can detect OROV antigens in human clinical serum samples with high efficiency. We have also shown that recombinant nanobodies directed against OROV Gc spike can potently neutralise infection by both historical OROV strains and the newly emerged reassortant. These protein-based reagents will accelerate OROV research and highlight the utility of protein-based tools for future OROV vaccines and point-of-care diagnostic devices.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThis work was supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grant to RJO (BB_V018523), an International Collaboration Award from the Royal Society to EA and SCG (ICA\R1\201019), a Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant to EA (19/26119-0), and International Science Partnerships Fund (ISPF) Institutional Support Grant (ODA) from Research England to SCG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Ethics committee of Fundacao de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado gave ethical approval under registration number 700.915.I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials. Plasmids encoding the proteins described in this study, and selected cell lines plus purified proteins, will be made available from the Centre for Infectious Disease Reagents (https://nibsc.org/science_and_research/idd/cfar.aspx), UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, upon publication.",2025,01/01,medRxiv,,,2025.02.26.25322767,,10.1101/2025.02.26.25322767,,#983,Merchant 2025,"Exclusion reason: No reports of parameters, models or historical outbreaks; ",""