From cf9807e0914374918a57959d7dfc2f4e7d088e0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Raabe <raabe@posteo.de>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2026 09:34:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] perf: improve test suite runtime

---
 src/_pytask/profile.py  |  7 +++++--
 tests/test_profile.py   | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 tests/test_tree_util.py |  2 --
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/_pytask/profile.py b/src/_pytask/profile.py
index 8e0cb97b..a2e63840 100644
--- a/src/_pytask/profile.py
+++ b/src/_pytask/profile.py
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
     from _pytask.reports import ExecutionReport
 
 
+_now = time.time
+
+
 class _ExportFormats(enum.Enum):
     NO = "no"
     JSON = "json"
@@ -65,9 +68,9 @@ def pytask_post_parse(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
 @hookimpl(wrapper=True)
 def pytask_execute_task(task: PTask) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     """Attach the duration of the execution to the task."""
-    start = time.time()
+    start = _now()
     result = yield
-    end = time.time()
+    end = _now()
     task.attributes["duration"] = (start, end)
     return result
 
diff --git a/tests/test_profile.py b/tests/test_profile.py
index 7454d997..a2e4cedd 100644
--- a/tests/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/test_profile.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import csv
+import json
 import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
+import _pytask.profile as profile_module
 from _pytask.profile import _to_human_readable_size
 from _pytask.runtime_store import RuntimeState
 from pytask import ExitCode
@@ -11,12 +14,13 @@
 from pytask import cli
 
 
-def test_duration_is_stored_in_task(tmp_path):
+def test_duration_is_stored_in_task(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     source = """
-    import time
-    def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
+    def task_example(): pass
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
+    times = iter((100.0, 102.25))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(profile_module, "_now", lambda: next(times))
 
     session = build(paths=tmp_path)
 
@@ -24,12 +28,11 @@ def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
     assert len(session.tasks) == 1
     task = session.tasks[0]
     duration = task.attributes["duration"]
-    assert duration[1] - duration[0] > 2
+    assert duration == (100.0, 102.25)
 
     runtime_state = RuntimeState.from_root(tmp_path)
     duration = runtime_state.get_duration(task)
-    assert duration is not None
-    assert duration > 2
+    assert duration == pytest.approx(2.25)
 
 
 def test_profile_if_no_tasks_are_collected(tmp_path, runner):
@@ -40,8 +43,7 @@ def test_profile_if_no_tasks_are_collected(tmp_path, runner):
 
 def test_profile_if_there_is_no_information_on_collected_tasks(tmp_path, runner):
     source = """
-    import time
-    def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
+    def task_example(): pass
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
 
@@ -54,11 +56,9 @@ def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
 
 def test_profile_if_there_is_information_on_collected_tasks(tmp_path, runner):
     source = """
-    import time
     from pathlib import Path
 
     def task_example(produces=Path("out.txt")):
-        time.sleep(2)
         produces.write_text("There are nine billion bicycles in Beijing.")
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ def task_example(produces=Path("out.txt")):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("export", ["csv", "json"])
 def test_export_of_profile(tmp_path, runner, export):
     source = """
-    import time
-    def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
+    def task_example(): pass
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
 
@@ -81,7 +80,19 @@ def task_example(): time.sleep(2)
     result = runner.invoke(cli, ["profile", tmp_path.as_posix(), "--export", export])
 
     assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
-    assert tmp_path.joinpath(f"profile.{export}").exists()
+    export_path = tmp_path.joinpath(f"profile.{export}")
+    if export == "csv":
+        with export_path.open(newline="") as file:
+            rows = list(csv.DictReader(file))
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+        assert rows[0]["Task"].endswith("task_example")
+        assert float(rows[0]["Duration (in s)"]) >= 0
+    else:
+        profile = json.loads(export_path.read_text())
+        assert len(profile) == 1
+        task_name, task_profile = next(iter(profile.items()))
+        assert task_name.endswith("task_example")
+        assert task_profile["Duration (in s)"] >= 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
diff --git a/tests/test_tree_util.py b/tests/test_tree_util.py
index c2978923..5ce77afc 100644
--- a/tests/test_tree_util.py
+++ b/tests/test_tree_util.py
@@ -47,14 +47,12 @@ def task_example({arg_name}=complex):
 
 def test_profile_with_pytree(tmp_path, runner):
     source = """
-    import time
     from pytask.tree_util import tree_leaves
     from pathlib import Path
 
     def task_example(
         produces=[{"out_1": Path("out_1.txt")}, {"out_2": Path("out_2.txt")}]
     ):
-        time.sleep(2)
         for p in tree_leaves(produces):
             p.write_text("There are nine billion bicycles in Beijing.")
     """

From 612d0b09e06bba4b44f2e6a02325dbc81c6b4169 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Raabe <raabe@posteo.de>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2026 12:08:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] perf: use less run_in_subprocess

---
 tests/test_capture.py     |  28 +++-----
 tests/test_config.py      |  29 +++-----
 tests/test_execute.py     | 140 +++++++++++++-------------------------
 tests/test_hook_module.py |  43 ++++++------
 tests/test_task.py        |  41 ++++-------
 5 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 181 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_capture.py b/tests/test_capture.py
index c899401f..fcbc319d 100644
--- a/tests/test_capture.py
+++ b/tests/test_capture.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 from _pytask.capture import _get_multicapture
 from pytask import CaptureMethod
 from pytask import ExitCode
+from pytask import build
 from pytask import cli
 from tests.conftest import enter_directory
 from tests.conftest import run_in_subprocess
@@ -139,27 +140,14 @@ def task_show_capture():
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-@pytest.mark.xfail(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="from pytask ... cannot be found",
-    raises=AssertionError,
-)
-def test_wrong_capture_method(tmp_path):
-    source = """
-    from pytask import build
-    import sys
+def test_wrong_capture_method(tmp_path, capsys):
+    session = build(paths=tmp_path, show_capture="a")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        session = build(tasks=[], show_capture="a")
-        sys.exit(session.exit_code)
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("workflow.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-
-    result = run_in_subprocess((sys.executable, "workflow.py"), cwd=tmp_path)
-    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
-    assert "Value 'a' is not a valid" in result.stdout
-    assert "Traceback" not in result.stdout
-    assert not result.stderr
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
+    assert "Value 'a' is not a valid" in captured.out
+    assert "Traceback" not in captured.out
+    assert not captured.err
 
 
 # Following tests are copied from pytest.
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index 418780ff..d09e03ba 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import os
-import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 from pytask import ExitCode
 from pytask import build
 from pytask import cli
-from tests.conftest import run_in_subprocess
+from tests.conftest import enter_directory
 
 
 def test_debug_pytask(capsys, tmp_path):
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ def test_not_existing_path_in_config(runner, tmp_path):
     assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
 
 
-def test_paths_are_relative_to_configuration_file_cli(tmp_path):
+def test_paths_are_relative_to_configuration_file_cli(tmp_path, runner):
     tmp_path.joinpath("src").mkdir()
     tmp_path.joinpath("tasks").mkdir()
     config = """
@@ -86,15 +85,12 @@ def test_paths_are_relative_to_configuration_file_cli(tmp_path):
     source = "def task_example(): ..."
     tmp_path.joinpath("tasks", "task_example.py").write_text(source)
 
-    result = run_in_subprocess(("pytask", "src"), cwd=tmp_path)
+    with enter_directory(tmp_path):
+        result = runner.invoke(cli, ["src"])
     assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
-    assert "1  Succeeded" in result.stdout
+    assert "1  Succeeded" in result.output
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32" and os.environ.get("CI") == "true",
-    reason="Windows does not pick up the right Python interpreter.",
-)
 def test_paths_are_relative_to_configuration_file(tmp_path):
     tmp_path.joinpath("src").mkdir()
     tmp_path.joinpath("tasks").mkdir()
@@ -107,16 +103,11 @@ def test_paths_are_relative_to_configuration_file(tmp_path):
     source = "def task_example(): ..."
     tmp_path.joinpath("tasks", "task_example.py").write_text(source)
 
-    source = """
-    from pytask import build
-    from pathlib import Path
+    with enter_directory(tmp_path):
+        session = build(paths=[Path("src")])
 
-    session = build(paths=[Path("src")])
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("script.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-    result = run_in_subprocess((sys.executable, "script.py"), cwd=tmp_path)
-    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
-    assert "1  Succeeded" in result.stdout
+    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    assert len(session.tasks) == 1
 
 
 def test_create_gitignore_file_in_pytask_directory(tmp_path):
diff --git a/tests/test_execute.py b/tests/test_execute.py
index c3315ab5..8e831d00 100644
--- a/tests/test_execute.py
+++ b/tests/test_execute.py
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
-import os
 import pickle
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Annotated
 
 import pytest
 
 import pytask
+from _pytask.path import HashPathCache
 from pytask import CaptureMethod
 from pytask import ExitCode
 from pytask import NodeNotFoundError
@@ -580,67 +582,45 @@ def task_create_file(
     assert tmp_path.joinpath("file.txt").read_text() == "This is the text."
 
 
-@pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Decoding issues in Gitlab Actions.")
 def test_execute_tasks_via_functional_api(tmp_path):
-    source = """
-    import sys
-    from pathlib import Path
-    from typing import Annotated
-    from pytask import PathNode, PythonNode, build
+    node_text = pytask.PythonNode()
+    output_path = tmp_path / "file.txt"
 
-    node_text = PythonNode()
-
-    def create_text() -> Annotated[int, node_text]:
+    def create_text():
         return "This is the text."
 
-    def create_file(
-        content: Annotated[str, node_text]
-    ) -> Annotated[str, Path("file.txt")]:
+    def create_file(content):
         return content
 
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        session = build(tasks=[create_file, create_text])
-        assert len(session.tasks) == 2
-        assert len(session.dag.nodes) == 5
-        sys.exit(session.exit_code)
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        (sys.executable, tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").as_posix()),
-        check=False,
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-    )
-    assert result.returncode == ExitCode.OK
-    assert tmp_path.joinpath("file.txt").read_text() == "This is the text."
+    create_text.__annotations__ = {"return": Annotated[int, node_text]}
+    create_file.__annotations__ = {
+        "content": Annotated[str, node_text],
+        "return": Annotated[str, output_path],
+    }
+
+    session = build(tasks=[create_file, create_text], paths=tmp_path)
+
+    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    assert len(session.tasks) == 2
+    assert len(session.dag.nodes) == 5
+    assert output_path.read_text() == "This is the text."
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32" and os.environ.get("CI") == "true",
-    reason="Windows does not pick up the right Python interpreter.",
-)
 def test_execute_tasks_multiple_times_via_api(tmp_path):
     """See #625."""
-    source = """
-    import pathlib
-    from typing import Annotated
-    from pytask import build, task
-    import sys
 
-    @task
-    def task1() -> None: pass
-    def task2() -> None: pass
+    @pytask.task
+    def task1() -> None:
+        pass
 
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        session1 = build(tasks=[task1, task2])
-        session2 = build(tasks=[task1, task2])
-        sys.exit(session2.exit_code)
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-    result = run_in_subprocess(
-        (sys.executable, tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").as_posix()),
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-    )
-    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    def task2() -> None:
+        pass
+
+    session1 = build(tasks=[task1, task2], paths=tmp_path)
+    session2 = build(tasks=[task1, task2], paths=tmp_path)
+
+    assert session1.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    assert session2.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
 
 
 @pytest.mark.xfail(
@@ -668,10 +648,6 @@ def test_pass_non_task_to_functional_api_that_are_ignored():
     assert len(session.tasks) == 0
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32" and os.environ.get("CI") == "true",
-    reason="Windows does not pick up the right Python interpreter.",
-)
 def test_repeated_tasks_via_functional_interface(tmp_path):
     """Test that repeated tasks with the same function name work correctly.
 
@@ -679,51 +655,31 @@ def test_repeated_tasks_via_functional_interface(tmp_path):
     to pytask.build(), they all get unique IDs and execute correctly, similar to how
     file-based collection handles repeated tasks.
     """
-    source = """
-    from pathlib import Path
-    from typing import Annotated
-    from pytask import Product, task, build, ExitCode
-    import sys
-
-    # Create repeated tasks with the same function name
     tasks = []
     for i in range(3):
+
         def create_data(
             value: int = i * 10,
-            produces: Annotated[Path, Product] = Path(f"output_{i}.txt")
+            produces=tmp_path / f"output_{i}.txt",
         ) -> None:
-            '''Generate data based on a value.'''
+            """Generate data based on a value."""
             produces.write_text(str(value))
 
+        create_data.__annotations__["produces"] = Annotated[Path, pytask.Product]
         tasks.append(create_data)
 
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        session = build(tasks=tasks)
+    session = build(tasks=tasks, paths=tmp_path)
 
-        # Verify all tasks were collected and executed
-        assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK, f"Exit code: {session.exit_code}"
-        assert len(session.tasks) == 3, f"Expected 3 tasks, got {len(session.tasks)}"
-        assert len(session.execution_reports) == 3
+    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK, f"Exit code: {session.exit_code}"
+    assert len(session.tasks) == 3, f"Expected 3 tasks, got {len(session.tasks)}"
+    assert len(session.execution_reports) == 3
+    assert tmp_path.joinpath("output_0.txt").read_text() == "0"
+    assert tmp_path.joinpath("output_1.txt").read_text() == "10"
+    assert tmp_path.joinpath("output_2.txt").read_text() == "20"
 
-        # Verify each task executed and produced the correct output
-        assert Path("output_0.txt").read_text() == "0"
-        assert Path("output_1.txt").read_text() == "10"
-        assert Path("output_2.txt").read_text() == "20"
-
-        # Verify tasks have unique names with repeated task IDs
-        task_names = [task.name for task in session.tasks]
-        assert len(task_names) == len(set(task_names)), "Task names should be unique"
-        assert all("create_data[" in name for name in task_names), \\
-            f"Task names should contain repeated task IDs: {task_names}"
-
-        sys.exit(session.exit_code)
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-    result = run_in_subprocess(
-        (sys.executable, tmp_path.joinpath("task_module.py").as_posix()),
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-    )
-    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    task_names = [task.name for task in session.tasks]
+    assert len(task_names) == len(set(task_names)), "Task names should be unique"
+    assert all("create_data[" in name for name in task_names)
 
 
 def test_multiple_product_annotations(runner, tmp_path):
@@ -792,8 +748,8 @@ def task_example(
     assert "_pytask/execute.py" not in result.output
 
 
-def test_hashing_works(tmp_path):
-    """Use subprocess or otherwise the cache is filled from other tests."""
+def test_hashing_works(tmp_path, monkeypatch, runner):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(HashPathCache, "_cache", {})
     source = """
     from pathlib import Path
     from typing import Annotated
@@ -803,13 +759,13 @@ def task_example() -> Annotated[str, Path("file.txt")]:
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
 
-    result = run_in_subprocess(("pytask",), cwd=tmp_path)
+    result = runner.invoke(cli, [tmp_path.as_posix()])
     assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
 
     hashes = json.loads(tmp_path.joinpath(".pytask", "file_hashes.json").read_text())
     assert len(hashes) == 2
 
-    result = run_in_subprocess(("pytask",), cwd=tmp_path)
+    result = runner.invoke(cli, [tmp_path.as_posix()])
     assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
 
     hashes_ = json.loads(tmp_path.joinpath(".pytask", "file_hashes.json").read_text())
diff --git a/tests/test_hook_module.py b/tests/test_hook_module.py
index 4b5a75cc..79f5bd30 100644
--- a/tests/test_hook_module.py
+++ b/tests/test_hook_module.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
 from pytask import ExitCode
+from pytask import cli
+from tests.conftest import enter_directory
 from tests.conftest import run_in_subprocess
 
 
@@ -62,32 +63,28 @@ def pytask_extend_command_line_interface(cli):
     assert "--new-option" in result.stdout
 
 
-def test_error_when_hook_module_path_does_not_exist(tmp_path):
-    result = subprocess.run(  # noqa: PLW1510
-        ("pytask", "build", "--hook-module", "hooks.py", "--help"),
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-        capture_output=True,
-    )
-    assert result.returncode == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
-    assert b"Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module'" in result.stderr
+def test_error_when_hook_module_path_does_not_exist(tmp_path, runner):
+    with enter_directory(tmp_path):
+        result = runner.invoke(cli, ["build", "--hook-module", "hooks.py", "--help"])
 
+    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
+    assert "Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module'" in result.output
 
-def test_error_when_hook_module_module_does_not_exist(tmp_path):
-    result = subprocess.run(  # noqa: PLW1510
-        ("pytask", "build", "--hook-module", "hooks", "--help"),
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-        capture_output=True,
-    )
-    assert result.returncode == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
-    assert b"Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module':" in result.stderr
 
+def test_error_when_hook_module_module_does_not_exist(tmp_path, runner):
+    with enter_directory(tmp_path):
+        result = runner.invoke(cli, ["build", "--hook-module", "hooks", "--help"])
+
+    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
+    assert "Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module':" in result.output
 
-def test_error_when_hook_module_is_no_iterable(tmp_path):
+
+def test_error_when_hook_module_is_no_iterable(tmp_path, runner):
     tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
         "[tool.pytask.ini_options]\nhook_module = 'hooks'"
     )
-    result = subprocess.run(  # noqa: PLW1510
-        ("pytask", "build", "--help"), cwd=tmp_path, capture_output=True
-    )
-    assert result.returncode == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
-    assert b"Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module':" in result.stderr
+    with enter_directory(tmp_path):
+        result = runner.invoke(cli, ["build", "--help"])
+
+    assert result.exit_code == ExitCode.CONFIGURATION_FAILED
+    assert "Error: Invalid value for '--hook-module':" in result.output
diff --git a/tests/test_task.py b/tests/test_task.py
index b60a0195..3cff72ba 100644
--- a/tests/test_task.py
+++ b/tests/test_task.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import subprocess
-import sys
 import textwrap
+from typing import Annotated
 
 import pytest
 
 from pytask import ExitCode
 from pytask import build
 from pytask import cli
+from pytask import task
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("func_name", ["task_example", "func"])
@@ -642,40 +642,27 @@ def task_second():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("decorator", ["", "@task"])
-@pytest.mark.xfail(
-    reason="Wrong python interpreter picked up in CI?",
-    condition=sys.platform == "win32",
-    strict=True,
-)
 def test_task_will_be_executed_after_another_one_with_function_session(
     tmp_path, decorator
 ):
-    source = f"""
-    from pytask import task, ExitCode, build
-    from pathlib import Path
-    from typing import Annotated
+    output_path = tmp_path / "out.txt"
 
-    {decorator}
-    def task_first() -> Annotated[str, Path("out.txt")]:
+    def task_first():
         return "Hello, World!"
 
-    @task(after=task_first)
     def task_second():
-        assert Path(__file__).parent.joinpath("out.txt").exists()
+        assert output_path.exists()
 
-    session = build(tasks=[task_first, task_second])
-    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
-    """
-    tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
+    task_first.__annotations__ = {"return": Annotated[str, output_path]}
+    if decorator:
+        task_first = task(task_first)
+    task_second = task(after=task_first)(task_second)
 
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        (sys.executable, "task_example.py"),
-        cwd=tmp_path,
-        capture_output=True,
-        check=False,
-    )
-    assert "2  Succeeded" in result.stdout.decode()
-    assert result.returncode == ExitCode.OK
+    session = build(tasks=[task_first, task_second], paths=tmp_path)
+
+    assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
+    assert len(session.execution_reports) == 2
+    assert output_path.read_text() == "Hello, World!"
 
 
 def test_raise_error_for_wrong_after_expression(runner, tmp_path):

From 6fc256a26744b04a794710a6fda7a4f884636c84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Raabe <raabe@posteo.de>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2026 12:24:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] fix: support Python 3.14 in in-process tests

---
 tests/test_execute.py | 14 ++++++++++----
 tests/test_task.py    | 14 ++++++++------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_execute.py b/tests/test_execute.py
index de25aa0f..5067d6ac 100644
--- a/tests/test_execute.py
+++ b/tests/test_execute.py
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ def task_create_file(
     assert tmp_path.joinpath("file.txt").read_text() == "This is the text."
 
 
-def test_execute_tasks_via_functional_api(tmp_path):
+def test_execute_tasks_via_functional_api(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     node_text = pytask.PythonNode()
     output_path = tmp_path / "file.txt"
 
@@ -632,10 +632,16 @@ def create_text():
     def create_file(content):
         return content
 
-    create_text.__annotations__ = {"return": Annotated[int, node_text]}
+    monkeypatch.setitem(create_text.__globals__, "_functional_api_node", node_text)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(
+        create_text.__globals__,
+        "_functional_api_output",
+        Annotated[str, output_path],
+    )
+    create_text.__annotations__ = {"return": "Annotated[int, _functional_api_node]"}
     create_file.__annotations__ = {
-        "content": Annotated[str, node_text],
-        "return": Annotated[str, output_path],
+        "content": "Annotated[str, _functional_api_node]",
+        "return": "_functional_api_output",
     }
 
     session = build(tasks=[create_file, create_text], paths=tmp_path)
diff --git a/tests/test_task.py b/tests/test_task.py
index 3cff72ba..3da34695 100644
--- a/tests/test_task.py
+++ b/tests/test_task.py
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ def task_second():
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("decorator", ["", "@task"])
 def test_task_will_be_executed_after_another_one_with_function_session(
-    tmp_path, decorator
+    monkeypatch, tmp_path, decorator
 ):
     output_path = tmp_path / "out.txt"
 
@@ -653,12 +653,14 @@ def task_first():
     def task_second():
         assert output_path.exists()
 
-    task_first.__annotations__ = {"return": Annotated[str, output_path]}
-    if decorator:
-        task_first = task(task_first)
-    task_second = task(after=task_first)(task_second)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(
+        task_first.__globals__, "_task_output_annotation", Annotated[str, output_path]
+    )
+    task_first.__annotations__ = {"return": "_task_output_annotation"}
+    first_task = task(task_first) if decorator else task_first
+    second_task = task(after=first_task)(task_second)
 
-    session = build(tasks=[task_first, task_second], paths=tmp_path)
+    session = build(tasks=[first_task, second_task], paths=tmp_path)
 
     assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
     assert len(session.execution_reports) == 2

From 75b4e7679af2e2860e0a71044acf0869b36aa014 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Raabe <raabe@posteo.de>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2026 13:15:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] refactor: avoid profiling clock indirection

---
 src/_pytask/profile.py |  7 ++-----
 tests/test_profile.py  | 12 ++++--------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/_pytask/profile.py b/src/_pytask/profile.py
index a2e63840..8e0cb97b 100644
--- a/src/_pytask/profile.py
+++ b/src/_pytask/profile.py
@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@
     from _pytask.reports import ExecutionReport
 
 
-_now = time.time
-
-
 class _ExportFormats(enum.Enum):
     NO = "no"
     JSON = "json"
@@ -68,9 +65,9 @@ def pytask_post_parse(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
 @hookimpl(wrapper=True)
 def pytask_execute_task(task: PTask) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     """Attach the duration of the execution to the task."""
-    start = _now()
+    start = time.time()
     result = yield
-    end = _now()
+    end = time.time()
     task.attributes["duration"] = (start, end)
     return result
 
diff --git a/tests/test_profile.py b/tests/test_profile.py
index a2e4cedd..634c5263 100644
--- a/tests/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/test_profile.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-import _pytask.profile as profile_module
 from _pytask.profile import _to_human_readable_size
 from _pytask.runtime_store import RuntimeState
 from pytask import ExitCode
@@ -14,25 +13,22 @@
 from pytask import cli
 
 
-def test_duration_is_stored_in_task(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+def test_duration_is_stored_in_task(tmp_path):
     source = """
     def task_example(): pass
     """
     tmp_path.joinpath("task_example.py").write_text(textwrap.dedent(source))
-    times = iter((100.0, 102.25))
-    monkeypatch.setattr(profile_module, "_now", lambda: next(times))
-
     session = build(paths=tmp_path)
 
     assert session.exit_code == ExitCode.OK
     assert len(session.tasks) == 1
     task = session.tasks[0]
     duration = task.attributes["duration"]
-    assert duration == (100.0, 102.25)
+    assert duration[0] <= duration[1]
 
     runtime_state = RuntimeState.from_root(tmp_path)
-    duration = runtime_state.get_duration(task)
-    assert duration == pytest.approx(2.25)
+    stored_duration = runtime_state.get_duration(task)
+    assert stored_duration == pytest.approx(duration[1] - duration[0])
 
 
 def test_profile_if_no_tasks_are_collected(tmp_path, runner):