SQL_Sales_Project.sql

-Which database is used for performing the sales analysis?
/* 1. Use existing database */
USE sales_analysis_db;
GO

-How can we safely reset the database before recreating tables?
/* 2. Drop tables only if they exist (safe reset) */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Orders;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Products;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Customers;
GO

-What is the structure of the sales database, and how are customers, products, and orders related?
/* 3. Recreate tables */
CREATE TABLE Customers (
    customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    customer_name VARCHAR(100),
    segment VARCHAR(50),
    city VARCHAR(50),
    state VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE Products (
    product_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    product_name VARCHAR(100),
    category VARCHAR(50),
    sub_category VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE Orders (
    order_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    order_date DATE,
    customer_id INT,
    product_id INT,
    sales DECIMAL(10,2),
    quantity INT,
    discount DECIMAL(4,2),
    profit DECIMAL(10,2),
    FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES Customers(customer_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES Products(product_id)
);
GO
-Have all required tables been created successfully in the database?
SELECT name FROM sys.tables;
USE sales_analysis_db;
GO
-What sample data is available for customers, products, and sales transactions?
INSERT INTO Customers VALUES
(1, 'Rohit Sharma', 'Cricketer', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra'),
(2, 'Harmanpreeet Kaur', 'Cricketer', 'Punjab', 'Punjab'),
(3, 'Virat Kohli', 'Cricketer', 'Delhi', 'Delhi'),
(4, 'Kriti Sanon', 'Actress', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra'),
(5, 'Sanman Kadam', 'Corporate', 'Mumbai', 'Maharashtra');
INSERT INTO Products VALUES
(101, 'Laptop', 'Technology', 'Computers'),
(102, 'Printer', 'Technology', 'Accessories'),
(103, 'Office Chair', 'Furniture', 'Chairs'),
(104, 'Notebook', 'Office Supplies', 'Paper'),
(105, 'Smartphone', 'Technology', 'Mobiles');
INSERT INTO Orders VALUES
(1001, '2024-01-10', 1, 101, 55000, 1, 0.10, 8000),
(1002, '2024-01-15', 2, 103, 12000, 2, 0.05, 2500),
(1003, '2024-02-05', 3, 104, 500, 10, 0.00, 200),
(1004, '2024-02-20', 4, 102, 8000, 1, 0.15, 1000),
(1005, '2024-03-01', 5, 105, 30000, 1, 0.20, -2000);

-What does the raw data look like in each table?
SELECT * FROM Customers;
SELECT * FROM Products;
SELECT * FROM Orders;

-What is the total sales generated across all orders?
SELECT 
    SUM(sales) AS Total_Sales
FROM Orders;

-What is the overall profit earned from all sales?
SELECT 
    SUM(profit) AS Total_Profit
FROM Orders;

-How many unique orders have been placed?
SELECT 
    COUNT(DISTINCT order_id) AS Total_Orders
FROM Orders;

-What is the average value of an order?
SELECT 
    AVG(sales) AS Avg_Order_Value
FROM Orders;

-What is the total quantity of products sold?
SELECT 
    SUM(quantity) AS Total_Quantity
FROM Orders;

-What is the overall profit margin percentage of the business?
SELECT 
    (SUM(profit) / SUM(sales)) * 100 AS Profit_Margin_Percentage
FROM Orders;

-Which product categories generate the highest sales?
SELECT 
    p.category,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales
FROM Orders o
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY p.category
ORDER BY Total_Sales DESC;

-Which product categories are the most profitable?
-How do products rank based on total sales performance?
SELECT 
    p.category,
    SUM(o.profit) AS Total_Profit
FROM Orders o
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY p.category
ORDER BY Total_Profit DESC;

-Which customers contribute the most to total sales?
SELECT 
    c.customer_name,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales
FROM Orders o
JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
GROUP BY c.customer_name
ORDER BY Total_Sales DESC;

-Which states generate the highest sales revenue?
SELECT 
    c.state,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales
FROM Orders o
JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
GROUP BY c.state
ORDER BY Total_Sales DESC;

-How do sales trend month by month over time?
SELECT 
    YEAR(order_date) AS Year,
    MONTH(order_date) AS Month,
    SUM(sales) AS Monthly_Sales
FROM Orders
GROUP BY YEAR(order_date), MONTH(order_date)
ORDER BY Year, Month;

-How does profit change across different months?
SELECT 
    YEAR(order_date) AS Year,
    MONTH(order_date) AS Month,
    SUM(profit) AS Monthly_Profit
FROM Orders
GROUP BY YEAR(order_date), MONTH(order_date)
ORDER BY Year, Month;

SELECT 
    p.product_name,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales,
    RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(o.sales) DESC) AS Sales_Rank
FROM Orders o
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY p.product_name;

SELECT 
    c.customer_name,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Customer_Sales,
    ROUND(
        SUM(o.sales) * 100.0 / SUM(SUM(o.sales)) OVER (), 2
    ) AS Contribution_Percentage
FROM Orders o
JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
GROUP BY c.customer_name;

-How do different discount levels impact average profit?
SELECT 
    discount,
    AVG(profit) AS Avg_Profit
FROM Orders
GROUP BY discount
ORDER BY discount;

-Are there any orders with missing sales or profit values?
-Are there any orders without matching customer records?
SELECT * 
FROM Orders
WHERE sales IS NULL OR profit IS NULL;

SELECT * 
FROM Orders
WHERE profit < 0;
GO

CREATE OR ALTER VIEW vw_sales_summary AS
SELECT 
    c.state,
    p.category,
    SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales,
    SUM(o.profit) AS Total_Profit
FROM Orders o
JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY c.state, p.category;
GO

SELECT * FROM vw_sales_summary;
GO

-Can we create a summarized view of sales and profit by state and category?
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE sp_sales_by_state
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT 
        c.state,
        SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales,
        SUM(o.profit) AS Total_Profit
    FROM Orders o
    JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
    GROUP BY c.state
    ORDER BY Total_Sales DESC;
END;
GO

-How can we retrieve total sales and profit for each state dynamically?
EXEC sp_sales_by_state;
GO

-Who are the top N customers based on total sales?
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE sp_top_customers
    @TopN INT
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT TOP (@TopN)
        c.customer_name,
        SUM(o.sales) AS Total_Sales
    FROM Orders o
    JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
    GROUP BY c.customer_name
    ORDER BY Total_Sales DESC;
END;
GO
-How can query performance be improved for frequent joins and filters?
EXEC sp_top_customers 3;
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_customer_id ON Orders(customer_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_product_id ON Orders(product_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_order_date ON Orders(order_date);

SELECT *
FROM Orders o
LEFT JOIN Customers c
ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
WHERE c.customer_id IS NULL;

SELECT *
FROM Orders
WHERE discount > 0.15 AND profit < 0;


- Number of rows in each table
SELECT 'Orders' AS table_name, COUNT(*) AS row_count FROM Orders
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Customers', COUNT(*) FROM Customers
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Products', COUNT(*) FROM Products;
GO
- Missing or NULL values in Orders
SELECT *
FROM Orders
WHERE sales IS NULL
   OR profit IS NULL
   OR quantity IS NULL
   OR order_date IS NULL;
   SELECT
    COUNT(*) AS total_orders,
    SUM(sales) AS total_sales,
    ROUND(AVG(sales), 2) AS avg_sales,
    MIN(sales) AS min_sales,
    MAX(sales) AS max_sales,
    ROUND(AVG(profit), 2) AS avg_profit
FROM Orders;
SELECT
    ROUND(SUM(profit), 2) AS total_profit,
    ROUND((SUM(profit) / SUM(sales)) * 100, 2) AS profit_margin_percent
FROM Orders;
SELECT
    p.category,
    COUNT(o.order_id) AS order_count,
    SUM(o.sales) AS total_sales,
    SUM(o.profit) AS total_profit
FROM Orders o
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY p.category
ORDER BY total_sales DESC;
SELECT
    c.customer_name,
    SUM(o.sales) AS total_sales,
    ROUND(
        SUM(o.sales) * 100.0 / SUM(SUM(o.sales)) OVER (), 2
    ) AS contribution_percent
FROM Orders o
JOIN Customers c ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
GROUP BY c.customer_name
ORDER BY total_sales DESC;
SELECT
    YEAR(order_date) AS year,
    MONTH(order_date) AS month,
    SUM(sales) AS monthly_sales,
    SUM(profit) AS monthly_profit
FROM Orders
GROUP BY YEAR(order_date), MONTH(order_date)
ORDER BY year, month;
SELECT
    discount,
    COUNT(*) AS orders_count,
    ROUND(AVG(profit), 2) AS avg_profit
FROM Orders
GROUP BY discount
ORDER BY discount;
SELECT
    order_id,
    sales,
    profit,
    discount
FROM Orders
WHERE profit < 0
ORDER BY profit;
SELECT
    p.product_name,
    SUM(o.sales) AS total_sales,
    RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(o.sales) DESC) AS sales_rank
FROM Orders o
JOIN Products p ON o.product_id = p.product_id
GROUP BY p.product_name;