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fix(assets): batch prefix filters so scans work with many model folders - #16645

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@synap5e

@synap5e synap5e commented Sep 29, 2026 •

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With --enable-assets, an install with about 500 or more model folders can't finish an asset scan: every scan query fails with Expression tree is too large, so assets are never enriched and deleted files are never marked missing. This PR splits the folder filter into batches of 200, so scans work at any folder count. At 200 folders or fewer the SQL is unchanged.

Problem

  • When: about 500 or more model folders. Each extra_model_paths.yaml base and each category under it counts as a folder. On SQLite older than 3.32 it starts at about 250 folders, with too many SQL variables.
  • What happens: fast DB scan failed for models: (sqlite3.OperationalError) Expression tree is too large (maximum depth 1000), then scanner.fast_scan_failed and seeder.scan_failed. Rows are created, but none are enriched and deleted files are never retired.

Cause

Each folder adds path = ? OR substr(path, ?, ?) = ? to one flat OR. SQLite caps expression depth at 1000, so the models scan fails from 499 folders (495 passes). Old SQLite hits its 999-variable cap first, at about 250.

Three reads build this OR over every folder: live_contents_under_prefixes (the reference sync), live_references_safely (the output listing rescan) and the enrich candidate query. SQLAlchemy flattens nested ORs, so regrouping the tree doesn't help.

Scope

Unchanged: sql_path_under_prefix itself, so exact-or-under matching, the separator bound, case sensitivity and metacharacter handling are the same. No UPDATE or DELETE filters on multiple folders: the startup prune already filters in Python, the temp wipe uses one folder, and every write after these reads goes by id.

QA

Real server: each folder in extra_model_paths.yaml gets one small .safetensors. Delete 5 files, then rescan.

Platform Folders master this PR
Linux 20 all enriched; deleted files marked missing same
Linux 400 all enriched, 18.4s all enriched, 18.9s
Linux 520, 2000 depth error; nothing enriched all enriched; exactly the 5 deleted files missing
Linux, 999-variable cap 300, 2000 too many SQL variables all enriched; 5 missing
Windows 20 all enriched same
Windows 520, 2000 depth error; nothing enriched all enriched; 5 missing

Results compared with master: random folder trees included nested, duplicate, root and trailing-separator folders, similar sibling names, case differences, % _ * ? [ and non-ASCII names, both hash modes, and several page sizes.

  • Up to 450 folders: 40/40 identical to master, and 16/16 identical under Windows path rules.
  • At 500, 2000 and 5000 folders, where master fails, the results match a union of one query per folder.
  • Writes between batches (replace, split, add, mark missing): no duplicate or stale rows.

Performance: enrich loop over 60k assets, median of 3 runs.

Catalogue 20 folders, master → PR 450 folders, master → PR 2000 folders, PR
spread evenly 0.36s → 0.33s 8.19s → 0.62s 2.89s
95% in 5 folders 1.12s → 0.99s 21.9s → 2.21s 2.60s
99% outside model folders 0.37s → 0.35s 1.81s → 0.35s 0.52s

At 450 folders, event-loop stalls also drop (p99 lateness of a 1 ms timer: 5.5ms → 2.5ms, evenly spread). Sync reads over 120k rows: 0.19s → 0.16s at 20 folders, 4.00s → 2.93s at 450.

Implementation details
  • sql_path_under_prefix_batches splits the folders into ORs of at most 200 (800 bound variables).
  • The two sync reads run one statement per batch and dedupe by content id, because nested folders can put a row in two batches.
  • The enrich query keeps its single statement at 200 folders or fewer. Above that, it reads the table once in id order and filters with stored_path_under_prefixes, a Python copy of the SQL test: the same case-sensitive check, bounded at path separators. It stops at the page limit.
  • Per-batch keyset pages were tried first. They were dropped because a batch with few matches rescans to the end of the table on every page, which is quadratic.
Tests

tests-unit/assets_test/services/test_many_scan_prefixes.py. Every test runs on an engine capped at 999 bound variables, so old SQLite is covered too; a guard test proves the cap is in force.

  • Fail on master, pass here (11):
    • live contents, live references and enrich candidates at 499, 500 and 2000 folders;
    • path matching when the target folder is in a later batch;
    • a full seeder scan over 520 model folders: completes, catalogues and enriches every file, and retires a deleted file on rescan.
  • Pass on both, pinning behaviour:
    • nested and duplicate folders across batch boundaries (each row returned once);
    • enrich pages across batches match one ordered query, at page sizes 7, 150 and 1000;
    • Windows drive-letter paths (case, sibling folder, other drive);
    • the Python filter matches the SQL test on the existing path cases;
    • at 200 folders or fewer, the SQL compiles to exactly the old predicate.
$ python -m pytest tests-unit/assets_test tests-unit/seeder_test tests-unit/app_test tests-unit/execution_test tests-unit/test_assets_event_log_static.py -q
1034 passed, 72 skipped
$ ruff check .
All checks passed!

Every scan prefix (one per model folder, including each extra_model_paths
base) adds terms to a single OR, and SQLite rejects an expression tree
deeper than 1000. From about 500 prefixes every models scan failed with
"Expression tree is too large" and the catalog stayed empty.

Run the prefix filter in batches of at most 200 prefixes and merge the
results, deduping rows that nested or overlapping prefixes put in more than
one batch. With 200 prefixes or fewer the statement is unchanged. The
enrichment candidate query merges each batch's keyset page, which yields
the same page a single statement would.
Paging each prefix batch separately made every page scan to the end of
the table for any batch with few matches, which is quadratic in catalog
size. Above one batch, read the candidates in id order once and apply the
same prefix test in Python, stopping at the page limit. At 200 prefixes
or fewer the statement is unchanged.

Run the many-prefix tests under a 999 bound-variable cap too, the limit
of SQLite before 3.32, which each 200-prefix batch stays under.
Above one prefix batch the enrich candidates are filtered in a Python loop,
which could hold the GIL across many rows outside the prefixes. Yield it per
row as the other scan loops do, so the UI stays responsive.
@synap5e

synap5e commented Sep 29, 2026

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What is the effect of not yielding the gil in this code?

…in Python"

Measured, it bought nothing: with a 60k-asset catalogue at 450 and 2000
prefixes, p99 lateness of a 1 ms sleeper thread is the same within noise
either way, because the Python work between 500-row fetches is short and
sqlite3 releases the GIL during each fetch. The yield made the loop 30-90%
slower.
@synap5e-bot

synap5e-bot Bot commented Sep 29, 2026

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Measured: almost nothing.

The probe is a thread that sleeps 1 ms in a loop while the enrich candidate loop pages through a 60k-asset catalogue at the seeder's page size. How late that thread wakes stands in for how long the event loop waits on the GIL. Times are the median of 3 runs.

Catalogue, prefixes Without yield: time, p99 / max lateness With yield: time, p99 / max lateness
uniform, 450 0.61 s, 2.1 / 27 ms 0.98 s, 2.9 / 3.5 ms
uniform, 2000 3.48 s, 4.8 / 60 ms 4.33 s, 4.2 / 38 ms
95% in 5 folders, 450 1.74 s, 1.5 / 61 ms 3.29 s, 1.9 / 45 ms
99% outside the model folders, 2000 0.52 s, 2.9 / 4.5 ms 0.75 s, 2.1 / 2.9 ms
  • Lateness: without the yield, p99 is the same within noise. The worst single stall is sometimes longer, but those maxima are single samples and noisy.
  • Why: the Python work between fetches is short (filtering one 500-row batch), and sqlite3 releases the GIL while it fetches, so the loop never holds the GIL for long.
  • Cost: with the yield, the loop takes 30–90% longer.

I added it on a hypothetical rather than a measurement, so I'd drop it.

@synap5e
synap5e marked this pull request as ready for review September 29, 2026 15:47
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Prefix queries now run in batches of up to 200. Live-content and live-reference results are deduplicated across batches. For larger prefix lists, unenriched candidates are retrieved in ID order and filtered in Python. Added tests cover prefix matching, paging, SQLite limits, and scans with many model folders.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 29ee2

For large scans with sparse matches, background enrichment can delay requests and cancellation while traversing candidates. This is a localized responsiveness risk; make the traversal cooperative as a follow-up.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 47.22% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 36 functions across 4 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: batching prefix filters so scans support installations with many model folders.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the scan failure, batching solution, affected queries, implementation details, tests, and performance results.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @tests-unit/assets_test/services/test_many_scan_prefixes.py:
- Around line 348-354: Move the inline `create_session` import out of
`_live_model_paths` to a module-level import of `app.database.db`, then call
`db.create_session()` in the function so it uses the patched `Session` at call
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40-82: LGTM!

app/assets/scanner.py (1)

365-379: LGTM!

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206-214: LGTM!

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🟡 Minor · Make the large-prefix scan cooperative. · scanner.py:732-767

app/assets/scanner.py:732-767
🚀 Performance & Scalability | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Make the large-prefix scan cooperative.

When more than 200 prefixes produce fewer than 100 matches, this branch can traverse every remaining unenriched row before returning. The Python filter holds the GIL during that traversal. The background seeder checks cancellation only after the fetch completes.

Use bounded database fetches with yield_gil() and an interruption check inside the traversal.

Suggested fix
 def get_unenriched_assets_for_roots(
     roots: tuple[RootType, ...],
     compute_hashes: bool,
     limit: int = 1000,
     last_seen_id: str | None = None,
+    interrupt_check: Callable[[], bool] | None = None,
 ) -> list[UnenrichedContent]:
...
             candidates = sess.execute(
                 unenriched_candidates_query(compute_hashes, last_seen_id).execution_options(yield_per=500)
             )
-            rows = list(islice((row for row in candidates if is_under(row[2])), limit))
+            rows = []
+            for row in candidates:
+                yield_gil(run=RESCAN_YIELD_RUN)
+                if interrupt_check is not None and interrupt_check():
+                    break
+                if is_under(row[2]):
+                    rows.append(row)
+                    if len(rows) >= limit:
+                        break

Pass _is_paused_or_cancelled from _run_enrich_phase.

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Review comment at @app/assets/scanner.py around lines 732 - 767:
Update get_unenriched_assets_for_roots to process large-prefix query results in
bounded fetches, yielding the GIL and checking an interruption callback during
traversal so scans can stop promptly. Pass the seeder’s pause/cancellation check
from _run_enrich_phase, and stop collecting once the requested limit is reached.

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Review comments at @app/assets/scanner.py:
- Around line 732-767: Update get_unenriched_assets_for_roots to process
large-prefix query results in bounded fetches, yielding the GIL and checking an
interruption callback during traversal so scans can stop promptly. Pass the
seeder’s pause/cancellation check from _run_enrich_phase, and stop collecting
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34-34: LGTM!

Also applies to: 350-350

@synap5e-bot

synap5e-bot Bot commented Sep 29, 2026

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Rejected: the yield was measured and reverted in 8905a87. sqlite3 releases the GIL during each 500-row fetch, so p99 event-loop lateness was the same without it, and the yield made the loop 30–90% slower. A page is also short: the whole enrich loop over 60k assets at 2000 folders takes about 0.5s even when 99% of rows are outside them, so an interruption check inside one page buys nothing.

@synap5e synap5e assigned guill and synap5e and unassigned synap5e and guill Sep 29, 2026

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