[JarryShaw]

• Searched for similar pull requests
• Followed the coding style
• make test passes, and a test case covers the change
• Changelog entry: N/A — centralised in docs(changelog): shared 1.5.0 changelog — long-lived, merges last (#610, #616, #617, #618, #620) #657

What is the purpose of your pull request?

• fix — bug fix

---

Description

Closes #2225. Data_Raw.error, its TYPE_CHECKING __init__ and Raw.read(error=...) were annotated Optional[Exception]. Every producer passes a str: beholder passes str(exc), and the frame and extension-chain layer limits pass their messages.

• Fix: the three annotations are Optional[str], and the #: comment calls the value the error's message. IPv6_Ext is untouched, because IPv6._import_next_layer passes it the exception object.
• Test: tests/protocols/misc/test_raw_error_str_2225_unit.py checks that info.error is a str on the parse-failure and layer-limit paths, and that the annotations say Optional[str].
• Fail-without-fix: on origin/main the annotation case fails with 'Optional[Exception]' != 'Optional[str]'. The runtime cases pass on both, since the value was already a str.
• mypy: 101 errors in 32 files, identical on main and here, so the change adds none.
• Tests run: the new test, the other Raw tests, the docs-typehints pin, the docstring contract and the tier guard give 148 passed.

[JarryShaw]

Review: GOOD TO GO at 36d09c983 (Sonnet).

• Producers: every one that reaches Raw passes a str: beholder's str(exc), the frame layer-limit message and the extension-chain limit message. The only exception object goes to IPv6_Ext, which is correctly left as Optional[Exception].
• Consumers: the only reader is toolkit/pcap.py's is None check. Nothing raises it or treats it as an exception.
• Fail-without-fix: on origin/main, 'Optional[Exception]' != 'Optional[str]'. The runtime cases already pass, since the value was already a str.
• Tests: tests/protocols/misc, the docstring contract and the tier guard (raw, docstring and tier selection) give 154 passed.

[JarryShaw]

Ready to merge at 36d09c983. Closes #2225.

• Review: Sonnet GOOD TO GO, first round.
• CI: all checks complete, Required checks passed SUCCESS, 0 failed.
• KTLO: 12 legs, no warnings.
• Ordering: merged into main and run. protocols leg: 1927 tests, 0 failures.
• Conflicts: none against the current main.

[github-actions]

Coverage: 91.56% (unit tier, Python 3.15, 36d09c983, Unit Tests run success)

Package	Statements	Missed	Branches	Partial	Cover
pcapkit (top level)	104	4	20	2	95.16%
pcapkit/const	19599	881	2618	867	92.11%
pcapkit/corekit	2589	74	816	37	96.51%
pcapkit/dumpkit	282	3	102	3	98.44%
pcapkit/foundation	2994	23	1038	25	98.81%
pcapkit/interface	138	4	52	3	96.32%
pcapkit/protocols	17433	218	4584	185	98.15%
pcapkit/toolkit	869	36	298	10	95.20%
pcapkit/utilities	504	7	146	5	98.15%
pcapkit/vendor	4432	1988	1018	167	51.87%

Per-file detail: the coverage-html artifact of this run.