This repository provides a curated list of research papers and resources related to Agentic AI for Geospatial Data. The collection covers works on geospatial analysis, remote sensing and Earth observation, urban planning, mobility and transportation, and spatio-temporal decision support. Agentic AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can autonomously reason, plan, and act over spatial and temporal environments, often leveraging large language models, multi-agent architectures, external tool use, and domain-specific knowledge sources.
We will try to keep this list updated. If you find any errors or any missing paper, please don't hesitate to open issues or pull requests. s If you find this repo helpful, we would appreciate it if you could cite our survey.
@article{hashemi2026agentic,
title = {A Comprehensive Survey of Agentic AI for Geospatial Data},
author = {Hashemi, Mohammad and Z{\"u}fle, Andreas},
journal = {Preprints},
volume = {2026},
pages = {2026012236},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.20944/preprints202601.2236.v1}
}
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[arXiv 2026] GeoForge: Non-Parametric Self-Evolving Agents for Earth-Observation Reasoning [pdf]
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[arXiv 2026] GeoNatureAgent Benchmark: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Environmental Geospatial Analysis Across Frontier and Open-Weight Foundation Models [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2026] GeoAgentBench: A Dynamic Execution Benchmark for Tool-Augmented Agents in Spatial Analysis [pdf] [code]
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[ICSE 2026] GeoAIAgent-Agentic workflow for automated geospatial data management [pdf]
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[International Journal of Digital Earth] Bridging natural language and GIS: a multi-agent framework for LLM-driven autonomous geospatial analysis [pdf]
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[International Journal of GIS] GeoAgent: a hierarchical LLM-based multi-agent architecture for autonomous spatial analysis [pdf]
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[arXiv 2026] A Comprehensive Survey of Agentic AI for Geospatial Data [pdf] [paper list] -
[arXiv 2026] STReasoner: Empowering LLMs for Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Time Series via Spatial-Aware Reinforcement Learning [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2026] Agentic AI in Remote Sensing: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Emerging Systems [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] GeoSR: Cognitive-Agentic Framework for Probing Geospatial Knowledge Boundaries via Iterative Self-Refinement [pdf] [code]
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[Earth arXiv 2025] Intelligent National Map: A Vision for Distributed and Agentic Geospatial Intelligence (Vision paper) [pdf]
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[Frontiers in Planet Science] Agentic AI for smart and sustainable precision agriculture [pdf]
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[International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation] GeoGraphRAG: A graph-based retrieval-augmented generation approach for empowering large language models in automated geospatial modeling [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Agentic UAVs: LLM-Driven Autonomy with Integrated Tool-Calling and Cognitive Reasoning [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Empowering LLM Agents with Geospatial Awareness: Toward Grounded Reasoning for Wildfire Response [pdf]
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[EMNLP 2025] STA-CoT: Structured Target-Centric Agentic Chain-of-Thought for Consistent Multi-Image Geological Reasoning [pdf]
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[International Journal of GIS] CartoAgent: a multimodal large language model-powered multi-agent cartographic framework for map style transfer and evaluation [pdf] [code]
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[DARES 2025] DA4DTE: An agentic system for enhancing the accessibility of Digital Twins of Earth [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2025] UAVs Meet Agentic AI: A Multidomain Survey of Autonomous Aerial Intelligence and Agentic UAVs [pdf]
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[International Journal of Digital Earth] GIS copilot: Towards an autonomous GIS agent for spatial analysis [pdf] [code] [data]
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[International Journal of GIS] GeoCogent: An LLM-Based Agent for Geospatial Code Generation [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Multi-Agent Geospatial Copilots for Remote Sensing Workflows [pdf]
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[SIGSPATIAL 2025: GeoGenAgent Workshop] GeoAgent: An Agentic AI Framework for Spatial Query Understanding and Interactive Geospatial Intelligence [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] ThinkGeo: Evaluating Tool-Augmented Agents for Remote Sensing Tasks [pdf] [code]
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[International Journal of Digital Earth] GeoColab: an LLM-based multi-agent collaborative framework for geospatial code generation [pdf]
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[SIGSPATIAL 2025] GeoFlow: Agentic Workflow Automation for Geospatial Tasks [pdf]
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[Internation Journal of Digital Earth] ShapefileGPT: a multi-agent large language model framework for automated shapefile processing [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] MapAgent: A Hierarchical Agent for Geospatial Reasoning with Dynamic Map Tool Integration [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] GeoJSON Agents:A Multi-Agent LLM Architecture for Geospatial Analysis-Function Calling vs Code Generation [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Towards a Barrier-free GeoQA Portal: Natural Language Interaction with Geospatial Data Using Multi-Agent LLMs and Semantic Search [pdf]
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[Engineering Journal] A Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Framework to Autonomously Design Algorithms for Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Problem [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] GeoEvolve: Automating Geospatial Model Discovery via Multi-Agent Large Language Models [pdf]
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[AAMAS 2025] MapBot: A Multi-Modal Agent for Geospatial Analysis [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Earth-agent: Unlocking the full landscape of earth observation with agents [pdf] [code]
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[SIGSPATIAL 2025: GeoGenAgent Workshop] From Queries to Insights: Agentic LLM Pipelines for Spatio-Temporal Text-to-SQL [pdf]
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[SIGSPATIAL 2025: GeoGenAgent Workshop] GeoBenchX: Benchmarking LLMs in Agent Solving Multistep Geospatial Tasks [pdf] [code]
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[Frontiers in AI] Accelerating earth science discovery via multi-agent LLM systems [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] REMSA: An LLM Agent for Foundation Model Selection in Remote Sensing [pdf] [code]
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[Smart Cities Journal] LLM Agents for Smart City Management: Enhancing Decision Support Through Multi-Agent AI Systems [pdf] [code]
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[ACL Anthology 2025] PlanGPT: Enhancing Urban Planning with a Tailored Agent Framework [pdf]
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[IEEE Access] Agentic AI Systems: Architecture and Evaluation Using a Frictionless Parking Scenario (Vision paper)[pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] VICoT-Agent: A Vision-Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Framework for Interpretable Multimodal Reasoning and Scalable Remote Sensing Analysis [pdf]
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[arXiv 2025] Towards Urban Planning AI Agent in the Age of Agentic AI (Vision paper) [pdf]
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[Urban Informatics] Conceptualising the emergence of Agentic Urban AI: from automation to agency (Vision paper) [pdf]
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[arXiv 2024] An llm agent for automatic geospatial data analysis [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2024] RS-Agent: Automating Remote Sensing Tasks through Intelligent Agent [pdf] [code]
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[CVPR 2024] GeoLLM-Engine: A Realistic Environment for Building Geospatial Copilots [pdf]
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[ICLR 2024: ML4RS workshop] Evaluating tool-augmented agents in remote sensing platforms [pdf]
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[NerurIPS 2024] Large language models as urban residents: An llm agent framework for personal mobility generation [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2024] Perceive, reflect, and plan: Designing llm agent for goal-directed city navigation without instructions [pdf] [code]
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[NerurIPS 2024] Geoagent: To empower llms using geospatial tools for address standardization [pdf] [code]
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[arXiv 2024] Geode: A Zero-shot Geospatial Question-Answering Agent with Explicit Reasoning and Precise Spatio-Temporal Retrieval [pdf]
Agent role: Spatial Analyst / GIS Query Agent
| Title | Venue | Year | Paper | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeoNatureAgent Benchmark: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Environmental Geospatial Analysis Across Frontier and Open-Weight Foundation Models | arXiv | 2026 | code | |
| GeoAgentBench: A Dynamic Execution Benchmark for Tool-Augmented Agents in Spatial Analysis | arXiv | 2026 | code | |
| Bridging natural language and GIS: a multi-agent framework for LLM-driven autonomous geospatial analysis | International Journal of Digital Earth | 2026 | - | |
| GeoAgent: a hierarchical LLM-based multi-agent architecture for autonomous spatial analysis | International Journal of GIS | 2026 | - | |
| GeoSR: Cognitive-Agentic Framework for Probing Geospatial Knowledge Boundaries via Iterative Self-Refinement | arXiv | 2025 | code | |
| Intelligent National Map: A Vision for Distributed and Agentic Geospatial Intelligence | EarthArXiv | 2025 | - | |
| GeoAgent: An Agentic AI Framework for Spatial Query Understanding and Interactive Geospatial Intelligence | SIGSPATIAL | 2025 | - | |
| MapAgent: A Hierarchical Agent for Geospatial Reasoning with Dynamic Map Tool Integration | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| Towards a Barrier-free GeoQA Portal: Natural Language Interaction with Geospatial Data Using Multi-Agent LLMs and Semantic Search | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| GeoBenchX: Benchmarking LLMs in Agent Solving Multistep Geospatial Tasks | SIGSPATIAL | 2025 | code | |
| Geode: A Zero-shot Geospatial Question-Answering Agent with Explicit Reasoning and Precise Spatio-Temporal Retrieval | arXiv | 2024 | - |
Agent role: GIS Programmer / Workflow Executor
| Title | Venue | Year | Paper | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeoGraphRAG: A Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation Approach for Empowering Large Language Models in Automated Geospatial Modeling | International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation | 2025 | - | |
| GIS Copilot: Towards an Autonomous GIS Agent for Spatial Analysis | International Journal of Digital Earth | 2025 | code | |
| GeoCogent: An LLM-Based Agent for Geospatial Code Generation | International Journal of GIS | 2025 | - | |
| GeoColab: An LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Geospatial Code Generation | International Journal of Digital Earth | 2025 | - | |
| ShapefileGPT: A Multi-Agent Large Language Model Framework for Automated Shapefile Processing | International Journal of Digital Earth | 2025 | - | |
| GeoJSON Agents: A Multi-Agent LLM Architecture for Geospatial Analysis — Function Calling vs Code Generation | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| An LLM Agent for Automatic Geospatial Data Analysis | arXiv | 2024 | code |
Agent role: Earth Observation Analyst / Vision Reasoning Agent
| Title | Venue | Year | Paper | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeoForge: Non-Parametric Self-Evolving Agents for Earth-Observation Reasoning | arXiv | 2026 | - | |
| Agentic AI in Remote Sensing: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Emerging Systems | arXiv | 2026 | - | |
| RS-Agent: Automating Remote Sensing Tasks through Intelligent Agent | arXiv | 2024 | code | |
| ThinkGeo: Evaluating Tool-Augmented Agents for Remote Sensing Tasks | arXiv | 2025 | code | |
| GeoLLM-Engine: A Realistic Environment for Building Geospatial Copilots | CVPR Workshop | 2024 | - | |
| VICoT-Agent: A Vision-Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Framework for Interpretable Multimodal Reasoning and Scalable Remote Sensing Analysis | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| Earth-Agent: Unlocking the Full Landscape of Earth Observation with Agents | arXiv | 2025 | code | |
| Multi-Agent Geospatial Copilots for Remote Sensing Workflows | arXiv | 2025 | - |
Agent role: Planning Agent / Optimization Assistant
| Title | Venue | Year | Paper | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REMSA: An LLM Agent for Foundation Model Selection in Remote Sensing | arXiv | 2025 | code | |
| GeoEvolve: Automating Geospatial Model Discovery via Multi-Agent Large Language Models | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| A Large Language Model-Based Multi-Agent Framework to Autonomously Design Algorithms for Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Problem | Engineering Journal | 2025 | - | |
| LLM Agents for Smart City Management: Enhancing Decision Support Through Multi-Agent AI Systems | Smart Cities | 2025 | code | |
| PlanGPT: Enhancing Urban Planning with a Tailored Agent Framework | ACL | 2025 | - | |
| DA4DTE: An Agentic System for Enhancing the Accessibility of Digital Twins of Earth | DARES | 2025 | code | |
| Towards Urban Planning AI Agent in the Age of Agentic AI | arXiv | 2025 | - | |
| Conceptualising the Emergence of Agentic Urban AI: From Automation to Agency | Urban Informatics | 2025 | - |
Agent role: Navigation Agent / Urban Behavior Simulator
| Title | Venue | Year | Paper | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large Language Models as Urban Residents: An LLM Agent Framework for Personal Mobility Generation | NeurIPS | 2024 | code | |
| Perceive, Reflect, and Plan: Designing LLM Agent for Goal-Directed City Navigation without Instructions | arXiv | 2024 | code | |
| MapBot: A Multi-Modal Agent for Geospatial Analysis | AAMAS | 2025 | - |