crypto: improve native error handling and key synchronization

[panva]

3 improvements in src/crypto

• report DH failures instead of aborting or returning an empty secret
• create KeyObjectData mutex before sharing key data so every copy uses one lock
• return an operation error when XOF output allocation fails

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/crypto

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 31.57895% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.16%. Comparing base (e7904d4) to head (a103304).
⚠️ Report is 11 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/crypto/crypto_dh.cc	0.00%	4 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
src/crypto/crypto_turboshake.cc	25.00%	4 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #64851      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.14%   90.16%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         746      746              
  Lines      242764   242773       +9     
  Branches    45739    45767      +28     
==========================================
+ Hits       218848   218889      +41     
+ Misses      15426    15365      -61     
- Partials     8490     8519      +29     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc	70.77% <100.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
src/crypto/crypto_turboshake.cc	79.94% <25.00%> (-1.33%)	⬇️
src/crypto/crypto_dh.cc	65.97% <0.00%> (-1.20%)	⬇️

... and 37 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/75336/