release: 2.8.0 by orieg · Pull Request #226 · orieg/php-judy

orieg · 2026-10-08T23:29:11Z

Summary

Prepare the 2.8.0 release: bump the version files in lockstep and record the
notes. Follows the same shape as the 2.7.1 (#199) and 2.7.0 (#195) release
commits — only php_judy.h and package.xml change.

File	Change
`php_judy.h`	`PHP_JUDY_VERSION` `2.7.1` → `2.8.0`
`package.xml`	`<date>` → `2026-10-08`; `<release>`/`<api>` → `2.8.0`; new `<notes>`; 2.7.1 notes moved into `<changelog>` as the top entry

What 2.8.0 ships (unreleased since v2.7.1)

Craftsmanship hardening sprint (#217), fixing several memory-safety defects and
tightening behavior:

SECURITY FIX — $j[] = ... on a string-keyed array (incl. STRING_TO_ENTRY) no longer crashes; the append guard enumerates all seven string-keyed types.
SECURITY FIX — forEach()/filter()/map() on STRING_TO_ENTRY read values through the entry accessor instead of reinterpreting a cache-entry struct as a zval; equals() gained a matching ENTRY branch.
SECURITY FIX — set() rejects keys longer than the 64 KB key buffer before taking a slot (heap overflow); deleteRange() on string-keyed ENTRY arrays now frees the struct and its value reference instead of leaking both.
FIX — expired STRING_TO_ENTRY values are hidden from reads/traversals while count()/size() stay raw-counter O(1) until pruneExpired(); mergeWith() copies TTL/flags verbatim; get_gc() collects stored ENTRY values.
FIX — wrong-category range bounds now throw TypeError instead of silently coercing to a wrong-range read.
FIX — __unserialize() validates type, payload shape and optimizeIteration strictly before touching the object, so a malformed payload throws without destroying an already-populated array, and an out-of-range type throws instead of emitting an E_WARNING (fix(serialize): strict validation in __unserialize() rejection paths #225).

Release-ceremony checklist

php_judy.h version bumped (step 1)
package.xml version/date/notes + previous notes moved to <changelog> (step 2)
Version lockstep verified (php_judy.h and package.xml both 2.8.0); xmllint clean
BENCHMARK.md stamps reviewed (left at their Craftsmanship hardening sprint: security, resilience, coverage, CI gate, docs #217-reconciled, honest state — see PR discussion)
Step 4 bench-baseline pin: left untouched by design; it is the post-publish step-7 baseline move
Steps 5–7 (tag, GitHub release, PECL upload, post-publish pin+baseline commit) are manual after merge

Base is origin/main @ 57df19c, whose main CI run is success.

Bump PHP_JUDY_VERSION and package.xml to 2.8.0 (date 2026-10-08), move the 2.7.1 notes into <changelog>, and add 2.8.0 notes covering the craftsmanship hardening sprint (#217) and the strict __unserialize() validation (#225). Version lockstep: php_judy.h and package.xml both read 2.8.0.

github-actions · 2026-10-08T23:29:30Z

discipline: passed

Base main (origin/main) (merge base 57df19c242) · 27 gate(s) passed · 2174 item(s) examined · 0 warning(s) · 0 override(s)

_{discipline explain <gate> prints what a gate checks and how a finding is lifted. This comment is updated on every run; the check's status is the verdict.}

github-actions · 2026-10-08T23:36:25Z

Test Results

	PHP	Platform	Arch	TS	Tests	Pass	Duration
✅	8.1	Linux	x64	-	258	258	7.9s
✅	8.2	Linux	x64	-	258	258	8.2s
✅	8.3	Linux	x64	-	258	258	10.3s
✅	8.4	Linux	x64	-	258	258	7.7s
✅	8.5	Linux	x64	-	258	258	10.1s
✅ 🧪	8.6	Linux	x64	-	258	258	13.6s
✅	8.1	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	9.5s
✅	8.2	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	7.5s
✅	8.3	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	10.3s
✅	8.4	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	9.4s
✅	8.5	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	7.3s
✅ 🧪	8.6	Linux (Expanse)	x64	-	258	258	8.5s
✅	8.1	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	15.6s
✅	8.2	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	14.3s
✅	8.3	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	17.2s
✅	8.4	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	17.1s
✅	8.5	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	15.5s
✅ 🧪	8.6	Windows	x64	nts	258	258	14.4s
✅	8.1	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	15.5s
✅	8.2	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	16.0s
✅	8.3	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	14.5s
✅	8.4	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	10.6s
✅	8.5	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	15.2s
✅ 🧪	8.6	Windows (Expanse)	x64	nts	258	258	14.4s
✅	Total				6192	6192

Benchmark Results

500,000 elements, 7 iterations (median), Judy 2.8.0

Run Status

Platform	PHP 8.1	PHP 8.2	PHP 8.3	PHP 8.4	PHP 8.5	PHP 8.6
Linux	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Windows	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅

Memory (Linux, PHP 8.6)

Peak RSS of a child process building one structure, n = 500,000, minus an empty-process floor. Judy's memory advantage is type- and scale-dependent — see BENCHMARK.md for the curve across sizes on a dedicated host.

Type	Judy	PHP array	Judy vs PHP array
Bitset	< 464.0 KB	8.0 MB	> 18x smaller
Int to Int	4.4 MB	8.1 MB	1.8x smaller
Int to Mixed	40.2 MB	38.1 MB	1.06x larger
Int to Packed	16.3 MB	38.1 MB	2.3x smaller
String to Int	10.3 MB	38.0 MB	3.7x smaller
String to Mixed	46.2 MB	68.0 MB	1.5x smaller
String to Int (Hash)	31.5 MB	38.0 MB	1.2x smaller
String to Mixed (Hash)	67.4 MB	68.1 MB	about the same
String to Int (Adaptive)	31.4 MB	38.1 MB	1.2x smaller
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	67.4 MB	68.0 MB	about the same

< marks a structure smaller than this instrument can resolve at n = 500,000: run-to-run movement in the empty-process floor puts the resolution at 464.0 KB. The bound is real, the exact figure is not available at this size — BENCHMARK.md measures the same types up to n = 8M, where they are well clear of the floor.

API Speedups (Linux, PHP 8.6)

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Operation	Judy	PHP	Speedup
putAll()	20.0 ms	29.4 ms	1.5x
fromArray()	20.0 ms	29.4 ms	1.5x
toArray()	23.2 ms	36.4 ms	1.6x
getAll()	1.2 ms	2.1 ms	1.9x
keys()	11.3 ms	25.0 ms	2.2x
values()	12.6 ms	25.2 ms	2.0x
sumValues()	8.0 ms	21.1 ms	2.6x
populationCount()	0.00 ms	22.8 ms	O(1) vs O(n)
deleteRange()	39.5 ms	55.2 ms	1.4x
equals()	11.0 ms	48.8 ms	4.4x
union() Bitset	31.7 ms	5.5 ms	0.2x
intersect() Bitset	13.9 ms	6.0 ms	0.4x
diff() Bitset	13.6 ms	3.4 ms	0.2x
xor() Bitset	27.6 ms	11.7 ms	0.4x
mergeWith() Int→Int	50.1 ms	66.9 ms	1.3x
mergeWith() Str→Int	241.0 ms	259.3 ms	1.1x
forEach() Int→Int	27.1 ms	22.7 ms	0.8x
filter() Int→Int	42.8 ms	39.3 ms	0.9x
map() Int→Int	47.9 ms	47.2 ms	~1.0x
forEach() Str→Int	66.3 ms	59.0 ms	0.9x
filter() Str→Int	121.3 ms	114.0 ms	0.9x
map() Str→Int	159.4 ms	157.5 ms	~1.0x

O(1) vs O(n) marks a row whose ratio is decided by the complexity classes rather than measured: populationCount() reads libJudy's cached population, the PHP arm counts every element. It scales with n and says nothing about this change. judy-bench.php declines the same comparison for size($lo, $hi) for the same reason.

Core Types (Linux, PHP 8.6)

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Type	Op	Judy	PHP array	Speedup
Bitset	Write	18.1 ms	7.6 ms	0.4x
Bitset	Read	11.9 ms	4.2 ms	0.4x
Bitset	Iter	19.0 ms	3.3 ms	0.2x
Bitset	Free	0.01 ms	0.36 ms	59.3x
Int to Int	Write	25.1 ms	7.4 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Read	12.9 ms	4.2 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Iter	20.0 ms	3.3 ms	0.2x
Int to Int	Free	0.83 ms	0.38 ms	0.5x
Int to Mixed	Write	34.8 ms	11.5 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Read	14.4 ms	6.0 ms	0.4x
Int to Mixed	Iter	21.1 ms	4.6 ms	0.2x
Int to Mixed	Free	14.6 ms	4.5 ms	0.3x
String to Int	Write	90.9 ms	17.1 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Read	37.0 ms	7.6 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Iter	56.6 ms	4.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int	Free	18.3 ms	1.2 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	168.8 ms	17.6 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	25.3 ms	7.3 ms	0.3x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Iter	67.9 ms	4.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Free	43.1 ms	1.4 ms	0.0x

All types detail

Core Types (Linux, PHP 8.6) — All

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Type	Op	Judy	PHP array	Speedup
Bitset	Write	18.1 ms	7.6 ms	0.4x
Bitset	Read	11.9 ms	4.2 ms	0.4x
Bitset	Iter	19.0 ms	3.3 ms	0.2x
Bitset	Free	0.01 ms	0.36 ms	59.3x
Int to Int	Write	25.1 ms	7.4 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Read	12.9 ms	4.2 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Iter	20.0 ms	3.3 ms	0.2x
Int to Int	Free	0.83 ms	0.38 ms	0.5x
Int to Mixed	Write	34.8 ms	11.5 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Read	14.4 ms	6.0 ms	0.4x
Int to Mixed	Iter	21.1 ms	4.6 ms	0.2x
Int to Mixed	Free	14.6 ms	4.5 ms	0.3x
Int to Packed	Write	48.2 ms	11.2 ms	0.2x
Int to Packed	Read	30.8 ms	6.4 ms	0.2x
Int to Packed	Iter	38.6 ms	4.5 ms	0.1x
Int to Packed	Free	9.1 ms	4.8 ms	0.5x
String to Int	Write	90.9 ms	17.1 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Read	37.0 ms	7.6 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Iter	56.6 ms	4.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int	Free	18.3 ms	1.2 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed	Write	116.7 ms	21.4 ms	0.2x
String to Mixed	Read	41.2 ms	10.0 ms	0.2x
String to Mixed	Iter	67.7 ms	7.0 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed	Free	66.0 ms	7.3 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Write	170.1 ms	17.5 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Read	25.3 ms	7.3 ms	0.3x
String to Int (Hash)	Iter	71.2 ms	4.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Free	43.6 ms	1.3 ms	0.0x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Write	236.2 ms	19.8 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Read	28.0 ms	9.9 ms	0.4x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Iter	90.7 ms	6.8 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Free	121.2 ms	7.5 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	168.8 ms	17.6 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	25.3 ms	7.3 ms	0.3x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Iter	67.9 ms	4.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Free	43.1 ms	1.4 ms	0.0x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Write	254.6 ms	20.3 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Read	27.8 ms	9.8 ms	0.4x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Iter	100.2 ms	7.0 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Free	128.4 ms	7.7 ms	0.1x

Cross-version detail (Linux)

Core Types — Linux

Each cell: Judy ms (speedup vs PHP array).

Type	Op	PHP 8.1	PHP 8.2	PHP 8.3	PHP 8.4	PHP 8.5	PHP 8.6
Bitset	Write	15.7 ms (0.4x)	13.8 ms (0.4x)	19.6 ms (0.4x)	9.5 ms (0.4x)	17.9 ms (0.4x)	18.1 ms (0.4x)
Bitset	Read	9.6 ms (0.4x)	9.5 ms (0.3x)	12.1 ms (0.4x)	5.5 ms (0.4x)	11.7 ms (0.3x)	11.9 ms (0.4x)
Int to Int	Write	20.0 ms (0.3x)	19.5 ms (0.3x)	24.6 ms (0.3x)	13.5 ms (0.3x)	23.9 ms (0.3x)	25.1 ms (0.3x)
Int to Int	Read	9.6 ms (0.4x)	9.7 ms (0.3x)	11.3 ms (0.4x)	6.5 ms (0.3x)	11.4 ms (0.3x)	12.9 ms (0.3x)
Int to Mixed	Write	29.2 ms (0.3x)	29.4 ms (0.3x)	34.1 ms (0.3x)	18.2 ms (0.4x)	34.5 ms (0.3x)	34.8 ms (0.3x)
Int to Mixed	Read	11.1 ms (0.4x)	10.2 ms (0.4x)	14.2 ms (0.4x)	7.2 ms (0.4x)	13.6 ms (0.4x)	14.4 ms (0.4x)
Int to Packed	Write	41.8 ms (0.2x)	38.9 ms (0.2x)	45.5 ms (0.3x)	25.6 ms (0.2x)	49.0 ms (0.2x)	48.2 ms (0.2x)
Int to Packed	Read	22.7 ms (0.2x)	25.7 ms (0.2x)	28.1 ms (0.2x)	14.6 ms (0.2x)	30.0 ms (0.2x)	30.8 ms (0.2x)
String to Int	Write	71.7 ms (0.2x)	85.0 ms (0.2x)	92.2 ms (0.2x)	58.7 ms (0.2x)	90.7 ms (0.2x)	90.9 ms (0.2x)
String to Int	Read	31.3 ms (0.2x)	34.4 ms (0.2x)	40.1 ms (0.2x)	24.6 ms (0.2x)	36.7 ms (0.2x)	37.0 ms (0.2x)
String to Mixed	Write	91.5 ms (0.2x)	110.0 ms (0.1x)	115.8 ms (0.2x)	76.4 ms (0.2x)	114.3 ms (0.2x)	116.7 ms (0.2x)
String to Mixed	Read	33.9 ms (0.2x)	36.2 ms (0.2x)	43.5 ms (0.2x)	27.2 ms (0.3x)	40.3 ms (0.2x)	41.2 ms (0.2x)
String to Int (Hash)	Write	139.4 ms (0.1x)	145.9 ms (0.1x)	158.0 ms (0.1x)	104.2 ms (0.1x)	163.7 ms (0.1x)	170.1 ms (0.1x)
String to Int (Hash)	Read	21.3 ms (0.3x)	20.5 ms (0.3x)	26.8 ms (0.3x)	15.5 ms (0.3x)	26.2 ms (0.3x)	25.3 ms (0.3x)
String to Mixed (Hash)	Write	203.5 ms (0.1x)	220.4 ms (0.1x)	235.9 ms (0.1x)	156.2 ms (0.1x)	226.3 ms (0.1x)	236.2 ms (0.1x)
String to Mixed (Hash)	Read	23.7 ms (0.3x)	21.2 ms (0.3x)	30.1 ms (0.3x)	18.1 ms (0.4x)	28.4 ms (0.3x)	28.0 ms (0.4x)
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	136.9 ms (0.1x)	144.1 ms (0.1x)	156.6 ms (0.1x)	98.7 ms (0.1x)	164.2 ms (0.1x)	168.8 ms (0.1x)
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	20.4 ms (0.3x)	20.7 ms (0.3x)	26.1 ms (0.3x)	15.2 ms (0.3x)	24.0 ms (0.3x)	25.3 ms (0.3x)
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Write	208.2 ms (0.1x)	241.2 ms (0.1x)	243.5 ms (0.1x)	173.8 ms (0.1x)	227.1 ms (0.1x)	254.6 ms (0.1x)
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Read	22.5 ms (0.3x)	20.9 ms (0.3x)	29.3 ms (0.3x)	17.6 ms (0.4x)	26.8 ms (0.4x)	27.8 ms (0.4x)

API — Linux

Operation	PHP 8.1	PHP 8.2	PHP 8.3	PHP 8.4	PHP 8.5	PHP 8.6
putAll()	16.6 ms (1.3x)	17.4 ms (1.4x)	21.1 ms (1.3x)	10.7 ms (1.5x)	20.1 ms (1.4x)	20.0 ms (1.5x)
fromArray()	16.8 ms (1.3x)	17.4 ms (1.4x)	21.4 ms (1.3x)	10.6 ms (1.5x)	20.2 ms (1.4x)	20.0 ms (1.5x)
toArray()	17.3 ms (1.6x)	21.0 ms (1.5x)	22.0 ms (1.6x)	12.1 ms (1.7x)	22.5 ms (1.6x)	23.2 ms (1.6x)
getAll()	0.83 ms (1.9x)	1.00 ms (1.7x)	1.1 ms (2.0x)	0.59 ms (1.9x)	1.1 ms (1.8x)	1.2 ms (1.9x)
keys()	10.0 ms (2.1x)	10.2 ms (2.0x)	10.7 ms (2.2x)	5.3 ms (2.4x)	11.7 ms (2.1x)	11.3 ms (2.2x)
values()	11.0 ms (2.0x)	10.6 ms (1.9x)	11.1 ms (2.2x)	6.2 ms (1.8x)	12.3 ms (2.0x)	12.6 ms (2.0x)
sumValues()	7.2 ms (2.4x)	6.9 ms (2.5x)	7.0 ms (2.8x)	3.6 ms (2.5x)	8.0 ms (2.6x)	8.0 ms (2.6x)
populationCount()	0.00 ms (197776x)	0.00 ms (177041x)	0.00 ms (212338x)	0.00 ms (93746x)	0.00 ms (219731x)	0.00 ms (227914x)
deleteRange()	30.8 ms (1.5x)	31.6 ms (1.5x)	37.8 ms (1.5x)	19.9 ms (1.4x)	38.9 ms (1.5x)	39.5 ms (1.4x)
equals()	9.0 ms (4.2x)	10.2 ms (4.1x)	9.8 ms (4.7x)	5.9 ms (3.9x)	12.0 ms (4.1x)	11.0 ms (4.4x)
union() Bitset	25.0 ms (0.2x)	26.8 ms (0.2x)	31.5 ms (0.1x)	15.1 ms (0.2x)	32.8 ms (0.1x)	31.7 ms (0.2x)
intersect() Bitset	11.1 ms (0.4x)	13.1 ms (0.4x)	13.0 ms (0.4x)	6.5 ms (0.5x)	14.8 ms (0.4x)	13.9 ms (0.4x)
diff() Bitset	10.9 ms (0.3x)	13.0 ms (0.2x)	12.6 ms (0.2x)	6.7 ms (0.3x)	15.0 ms (0.2x)	13.6 ms (0.2x)
xor() Bitset	22.0 ms (0.5x)	25.4 ms (0.5x)	25.6 ms (0.4x)	12.9 ms (0.5x)	29.6 ms (0.4x)	27.6 ms (0.4x)
mergeWith() Int→Int	40.2 ms (1.3x)	42.2 ms (1.3x)	52.1 ms (1.3x)	26.8 ms (1.2x)	51.3 ms (1.3x)	50.1 ms (1.3x)
mergeWith() Str→Int	180.9 ms (1.1x)	201.4 ms (1.1x)	228.5 ms (1.1x)	140.1 ms (1.1x)	232.1 ms (1.1x)	241.0 ms (1.1x)
forEach() Int→Int	21.0 ms (0.9x)	25.7 ms (0.7x)	26.8 ms (0.9x)	12.3 ms (0.8x)	27.9 ms (0.9x)	27.1 ms (0.8x)
filter() Int→Int	33.4 ms (0.9x)	37.9 ms (0.8x)	40.0 ms (0.9x)	19.9 ms (0.9x)	47.9 ms (0.9x)	42.8 ms (0.9x)
map() Int→Int	36.2 ms (1.1x)	40.7 ms (0.9x)	45.7 ms (~1.0x)	23.2 ms (1.3x)	50.3 ms (~1.0x)	47.9 ms (~1.0x)
forEach() Str→Int	49.8 ms (0.9x)	57.8 ms (0.9x)	64.5 ms (0.9x)	36.6 ms (0.9x)	65.3 ms (0.9x)	66.3 ms (0.9x)
filter() Str→Int	96.1 ms (~1.0x)	111.4 ms (0.9x)	114.8 ms (~1.0x)	69.6 ms (~1.0x)	119.3 ms (0.9x)	121.3 ms (0.9x)
map() Str→Int	133.8 ms (~1.0x)	149.3 ms (~1.0x)	154.4 ms (~1.0x)	93.1 ms (~1.0x)	160.8 ms (~1.0x)	159.4 ms (~1.0x)

Cross-version detail (Windows)

Core Types — Windows

Each cell: Judy ms (speedup vs PHP array).

Type	Op	PHP 8.1	PHP 8.2	PHP 8.3	PHP 8.4	PHP 8.5	PHP 8.6
Bitset	Write	23.0 ms (0.7x)	18.6 ms (0.5x)	17.8 ms (0.9x)	22.8 ms (0.5x)	23.1 ms (0.5x)	23.3 ms (0.6x)
Bitset	Read	16.3 ms (0.5x)	13.8 ms (0.5x)	14.5 ms (0.5x)	17.7 ms (0.5x)	17.3 ms (0.5x)	16.7 ms (0.5x)
Int to Int	Write	34.0 ms (0.4x)	26.1 ms (0.4x)	31.8 ms (0.5x)	37.2 ms (0.3x)	35.7 ms (0.3x)	37.7 ms (0.3x)
Int to Int	Read	17.6 ms (0.4x)	13.9 ms (0.5x)	15.3 ms (0.5x)	18.5 ms (0.5x)	19.2 ms (0.5x)	17.2 ms (0.5x)
Int to Mixed	Write	45.3 ms (0.5x)	36.6 ms (0.4x)	43.0 ms (0.4x)	53.4 ms (0.3x)	51.5 ms (0.3x)	52.4 ms (0.3x)
Int to Mixed	Read	20.1 ms (0.5x)	16.5 ms (0.5x)	17.0 ms (0.5x)	20.6 ms (0.5x)	20.2 ms (0.5x)	18.3 ms (0.5x)
Int to Packed	Write	64.0 ms (0.3x)	48.6 ms (0.3x)	59.4 ms (0.3x)	71.2 ms (0.2x)	69.3 ms (0.2x)	69.7 ms (0.2x)
Int to Packed	Read	47.3 ms (0.2x)	38.7 ms (0.2x)	42.7 ms (0.2x)	49.6 ms (0.2x)	47.2 ms (0.2x)	46.8 ms (0.2x)
String to Int	Write	140.2 ms (0.2x)	113.9 ms (0.2x)	149.4 ms (0.2x)	145.9 ms (0.2x)	145.9 ms (0.2x)	143.2 ms (0.2x)
String to Int	Read	63.8 ms (0.2x)	51.0 ms (0.2x)	64.4 ms (0.2x)	63.3 ms (0.2x)	61.4 ms (0.2x)	59.3 ms (0.2x)
String to Mixed	Write	182.2 ms (0.2x)	153.4 ms (0.2x)	206.9 ms (0.2x)	193.2 ms (0.2x)	191.9 ms (0.1x)	192.2 ms (0.1x)
String to Mixed	Read	65.2 ms (0.2x)	54.4 ms (0.2x)	67.1 ms (0.2x)	65.0 ms (0.2x)	61.8 ms (0.2x)	59.7 ms (0.2x)
String to Int (Hash)	Write	247.9 ms (0.1x)	207.9 ms (0.1x)	271.5 ms (0.1x)	252.1 ms (0.1x)	251.0 ms (0.1x)	264.5 ms (0.1x)
String to Int (Hash)	Read	43.5 ms (0.3x)	39.4 ms (0.3x)	48.6 ms (0.2x)	45.4 ms (0.3x)	43.6 ms (0.3x)	48.0 ms (0.2x)
String to Mixed (Hash)	Write	345.7 ms (0.1x)	304.5 ms (0.1x)	513.9 ms (0.1x)	365.1 ms (0.1x)	354.6 ms (0.1x)	364.6 ms (0.1x)
String to Mixed (Hash)	Read	46.2 ms (0.3x)	43.1 ms (0.3x)	52.5 ms (0.2x)	47.7 ms (0.3x)	47.6 ms (0.3x)	48.4 ms (0.3x)
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	243.4 ms (0.1x)	249.4 ms (0.1x)	275.6 ms (0.1x)	256.4 ms (0.1x)	248.6 ms (0.1x)	253.4 ms (0.1x)
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	42.7 ms (0.3x)	39.3 ms (0.3x)	48.9 ms (0.2x)	45.5 ms (0.3x)	43.3 ms (0.3x)	45.0 ms (0.3x)
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Write	364.3 ms (0.1x)	327.0 ms (0.1x)	485.1 ms (0.1x)	390.0 ms (0.1x)	373.2 ms (0.1x)	375.1 ms (0.1x)
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Read	45.8 ms (0.3x)	43.4 ms (0.3x)	51.6 ms (0.2x)	47.2 ms (0.3x)	47.3 ms (0.3x)	46.0 ms (0.3x)

API — Windows

Operation	PHP 8.1	PHP 8.2	PHP 8.3	PHP 8.4	PHP 8.5	PHP 8.6
putAll()	30.2 ms (1.5x)	24.3 ms (1.4x)	30.2 ms (1.5x)	31.6 ms (1.5x)	30.1 ms (1.5x)	33.0 ms (1.4x)
fromArray()	30.0 ms (1.5x)	24.2 ms (1.4x)	29.9 ms (1.5x)	30.6 ms (1.6x)	30.3 ms (1.5x)	33.0 ms (1.4x)
toArray()	28.0 ms (1.6x)	23.8 ms (1.6x)	35.2 ms (1.4x)	28.1 ms (1.7x)	27.2 ms (1.8x)	27.9 ms (1.7x)
getAll()	1.4 ms (2.2x)	1.1 ms (2.3x)	1.9 ms (1.8x)	1.7 ms (2.0x)	1.6 ms (2.0x)	1.7 ms (1.8x)
keys()	15.7 ms (2.3x)	10.1 ms (2.4x)	14.2 ms (2.2x)	13.1 ms (2.5x)	13.4 ms (2.6x)	12.8 ms (2.4x)
values()	16.1 ms (2.3x)	10.5 ms (2.3x)	15.0 ms (2.0x)	13.8 ms (2.3x)	13.1 ms (2.7x)	12.9 ms (2.4x)
sumValues()	7.1 ms (3.3x)	5.4 ms (3.6x)	6.2 ms (3.5x)	7.4 ms (3.3x)	8.0 ms (3.4x)	7.1 ms (3.7x)
populationCount()	0.00 ms (244606x)	0.00 ms (196460x)	0.00 ms (222209x)	0.00 ms (129209x)	0.00 ms (279349x)	0.00 ms (274179x)
deleteRange()	53.4 ms (1.5x)	40.8 ms (1.5x)	49.8 ms (1.5x)	56.2 ms (1.5x)	58.1 ms (1.5x)	58.5 ms (1.4x)
equals()	11.2 ms (5.6x)	8.5 ms (5.8x)	10.0 ms (5.7x)	11.0 ms (6.0x)	11.4 ms (5.7x)	11.2 ms (5.5x)
union() Bitset	35.4 ms (0.4x)	29.8 ms (0.2x)	30.2 ms (0.4x)	36.7 ms (0.2x)	36.5 ms (0.2x)	38.5 ms (0.2x)
intersect() Bitset	16.1 ms (0.5x)	12.3 ms (0.6x)	14.2 ms (0.9x)	19.8 ms (0.4x)	16.9 ms (0.5x)	18.5 ms (0.4x)
diff() Bitset	15.6 ms (0.4x)	12.3 ms (0.3x)	13.9 ms (0.4x)	17.3 ms (0.3x)	16.4 ms (0.3x)	18.4 ms (0.2x)
xor() Bitset	31.5 ms (0.8x)	24.5 ms (0.6x)	28.4 ms (~1.0x)	34.4 ms (0.5x)	33.4 ms (0.5x)	33.3 ms (0.5x)
mergeWith() Int→Int	64.2 ms (1.3x)	48.3 ms (1.4x)	56.7 ms (1.3x)	65.4 ms (1.4x)	64.7 ms (1.4x)	70.3 ms (1.3x)
mergeWith() Str→Int	315.8 ms (1.1x)	255.2 ms (1.1x)	304.0 ms (1.1x)	342.1 ms (1.1x)	340.4 ms (1.1x)	343.4 ms (1.1x)
forEach() Int→Int	28.9 ms (~1.0x)	21.6 ms (~1.0x)	28.5 ms (~1.0x)	29.9 ms (~1.0x)	35.3 ms (0.9x)	31.5 ms (0.9x)
filter() Int→Int	46.5 ms (1.1x)	33.3 ms (1.1x)	42.2 ms (1.1x)	50.1 ms (~1.0x)	55.3 ms (0.9x)	49.6 ms (~1.0x)
map() Int→Int	52.0 ms (1.1x)	38.5 ms (1.1x)	46.6 ms (1.1x)	57.4 ms (~1.0x)	61.2 ms (1.1x)	57.9 ms (~1.0x)
forEach() Str→Int	79.0 ms (~1.0x)	65.0 ms (~1.0x)	80.0 ms (0.9x)	84.3 ms (~1.0x)	90.0 ms (0.9x)	85.6 ms (~1.0x)
filter() Str→Int	155.0 ms (~1.0x)	120.9 ms (~1.0x)	158.6 ms (~1.0x)	161.9 ms (~1.0x)	160.7 ms (~1.0x)	165.9 ms (0.9x)
map() Str→Int	213.4 ms (~1.0x)	168.0 ms (~1.0x)	222.6 ms (~1.0x)	221.1 ms (~1.0x)	224.3 ms (~1.0x)	232.3 ms (~1.0x)

Windows results (PHP 8.6)

Memory (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Peak RSS of a child process building one structure, n = 500,000, minus an empty-process floor. Judy's memory advantage is type- and scale-dependent — see BENCHMARK.md for the curve across sizes on a dedicated host.

Type	Judy	PHP array	Judy vs PHP array
Bitset	< 104.0 KB	9.2 MB	> 90x smaller
Int to Int	4.5 MB	9.2 MB	2.1x smaller
Int to Mixed	42.5 MB	38.2 MB	1.11x larger
Int to Packed	17.2 MB	38.2 MB	2.2x smaller
String to Int	10.5 MB	37.9 MB	3.6x smaller
String to Mixed	48.7 MB	68.9 MB	1.4x smaller
String to Int (Hash)	32.2 MB	37.9 MB	1.2x smaller
String to Mixed (Hash)	70.4 MB	69.0 MB	about the same
String to Int (Adaptive)	32.3 MB	37.9 MB	1.2x smaller
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	70.4 MB	68.9 MB	about the same

< marks a structure smaller than this instrument can resolve at n = 500,000: run-to-run movement in the empty-process floor puts the resolution at 104.0 KB. The bound is real, the exact figure is not available at this size — BENCHMARK.md measures the same types up to n = 8M, where they are well clear of the floor.

API Speedups (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Operation	Judy	PHP	Speedup
putAll()	33.0 ms	46.6 ms	1.4x
fromArray()	33.0 ms	46.6 ms	1.4x
toArray()	27.9 ms	46.3 ms	1.7x
getAll()	1.7 ms	3.0 ms	1.8x
keys()	12.8 ms	30.9 ms	2.4x
values()	12.9 ms	30.6 ms	2.4x
sumValues()	7.1 ms	26.5 ms	3.7x
populationCount()	0.00 ms	27.4 ms	O(1) vs O(n)
deleteRange()	58.5 ms	83.3 ms	1.4x
equals()	11.2 ms	61.7 ms	5.5x
union() Bitset	38.5 ms	9.0 ms	0.2x
intersect() Bitset	18.5 ms	7.7 ms	0.4x
diff() Bitset	18.4 ms	4.5 ms	0.2x
xor() Bitset	33.3 ms	17.3 ms	0.5x
mergeWith() Int→Int	70.3 ms	93.7 ms	1.3x
mergeWith() Str→Int	343.4 ms	374.1 ms	1.1x
forEach() Int→Int	31.5 ms	29.2 ms	0.9x
filter() Int→Int	49.6 ms	49.5 ms	~1.0x
map() Int→Int	57.9 ms	59.6 ms	~1.0x
forEach() Str→Int	85.6 ms	84.5 ms	~1.0x
filter() Str→Int	165.9 ms	157.3 ms	0.9x
map() Str→Int	232.3 ms	225.4 ms	~1.0x

O(1) vs O(n) marks a row whose ratio is decided by the complexity classes rather than measured: populationCount() reads libJudy's cached population, the PHP arm counts every element. It scales with n and says nothing about this change. judy-bench.php declines the same comparison for size($lo, $hi) for the same reason.

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Type	Op	Judy	PHP array	Speedup
Bitset	Write	23.3 ms	12.9 ms	0.6x
Bitset	Read	16.7 ms	8.2 ms	0.5x
Bitset	Iter	24.1 ms	7.2 ms	0.3x
Bitset	Free	0.01 ms	0.53 ms	68.6x
Int to Int	Write	37.7 ms	12.8 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Read	17.2 ms	8.3 ms	0.5x
Int to Int	Iter	24.3 ms	7.2 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Free	0.85 ms	0.54 ms	0.6x
Int to Mixed	Write	52.4 ms	16.4 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Read	18.3 ms	9.5 ms	0.5x
Int to Mixed	Iter	24.6 ms	7.3 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Free	20.9 ms	6.3 ms	0.3x
String to Int	Write	143.2 ms	25.5 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Read	59.3 ms	11.9 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Iter	76.7 ms	7.7 ms	0.1x
String to Int	Free	30.7 ms	1.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	253.4 ms	24.8 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	45.0 ms	11.7 ms	0.3x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Iter	111.0 ms	8.1 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Free	62.2 ms	2.0 ms	0.0x

All types detail

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6) — All

Speedup = PHP time / Judy time. Bold = Judy faster.

Type	Op	Judy	PHP array	Speedup
Bitset	Write	23.3 ms	12.9 ms	0.6x
Bitset	Read	16.7 ms	8.2 ms	0.5x
Bitset	Iter	24.1 ms	7.2 ms	0.3x
Bitset	Free	0.01 ms	0.53 ms	68.6x
Int to Int	Write	37.7 ms	12.8 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Read	17.2 ms	8.3 ms	0.5x
Int to Int	Iter	24.3 ms	7.2 ms	0.3x
Int to Int	Free	0.85 ms	0.54 ms	0.6x
Int to Mixed	Write	52.4 ms	16.4 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Read	18.3 ms	9.5 ms	0.5x
Int to Mixed	Iter	24.6 ms	7.3 ms	0.3x
Int to Mixed	Free	20.9 ms	6.3 ms	0.3x
Int to Packed	Write	69.7 ms	16.1 ms	0.2x
Int to Packed	Read	46.8 ms	9.4 ms	0.2x
Int to Packed	Iter	53.0 ms	7.0 ms	0.1x
Int to Packed	Free	14.2 ms	4.6 ms	0.3x
String to Int	Write	143.2 ms	25.5 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Read	59.3 ms	11.9 ms	0.2x
String to Int	Iter	76.7 ms	7.7 ms	0.1x
String to Int	Free	30.7 ms	1.9 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed	Write	192.2 ms	28.3 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed	Read	59.7 ms	13.7 ms	0.2x
String to Mixed	Iter	88.9 ms	8.9 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed	Free	98.5 ms	7.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Write	264.5 ms	24.9 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Read	48.0 ms	11.7 ms	0.2x
String to Int (Hash)	Iter	111.9 ms	8.1 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Hash)	Free	63.4 ms	1.9 ms	0.0x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Write	364.6 ms	28.1 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Read	48.4 ms	13.3 ms	0.3x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Iter	135.5 ms	8.9 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Hash)	Free	184.8 ms	7.9 ms	0.0x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Write	253.4 ms	24.8 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Read	45.0 ms	11.7 ms	0.3x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Iter	111.0 ms	8.1 ms	0.1x
String to Int (Adaptive)	Free	62.2 ms	2.0 ms	0.0x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Write	375.1 ms	28.2 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Read	46.0 ms	13.2 ms	0.3x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Iter	138.4 ms	9.3 ms	0.1x
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	Free	196.5 ms	7.9 ms	0.0x

Release Comparison (2.6.0 → 2.8.0)

Interleaved A/B comparison against v2.6.0 (pie install) on the same CI runner: 5 benchmark groups × 5 rounds × 2 arms, 300,000 elements, median of 3 per child. Each row is the median of the paired current/baseline ratios with a 95% percentile-bootstrap CI; it is flagged only when the whole drift-adjusted CI clears ±10%. Advisory — benchmarks never gate a merge.

Run-wide median delta -0.28% (PHP-array control -0.08%); runner common-mode -0.08% divided out of every row.

Summary: 0 regressions, 90 unchanged, 10 not evaluated (unstable)

Benchmark	Baseline	Current	Delta	95% CI	Status
adv.filter.int_to_int	13.1 ms	12.9 ms	-2.0%	[-4.3%, +1.8%]	~same
adv.filter.string_to_int	41.8 ms	40.9 ms	-4.2%	[-10.7%, +4.1%]	~same
adv.forEach.int_to_int	7.9 ms	7.9 ms	+1.6%	[-8.3%, +2.5%]	~same
adv.forEach.string_to_int	21.9 ms	21.5 ms	-0.7%	[-12.5%, +11.9%]	~same
adv.map.string_to_int	54.1 ms	54.7 ms	+1.1%	[-7.8%, +6.1%]	~same
adv.optiter.foreach.string_to_int_adaptive.default	42.4 ms	45.1 ms	+3.4%	[-1.6%, +17.0%]	~same
adv.optiter.foreach.string_to_int_adaptive.optimized	29.9 ms	29.5 ms	-2.0%	[-8.7%, +13.3%]	~same
adv.optiter.foreach.string_to_int_hash.optimized	23.9 ms	23.2 ms	-2.9%	[-9.0%, +11.2%]	~same
adv.optiter.increment.string_to_int_hash.optimized	27.6 ms	30.1 ms	+9.1%	[-10.2%, +20.1%]	~same
adv.optiter.overwrite.string_to_int_adaptive.optimized	39.5 ms	41.1 ms	+0.9%	[-0.3%, +12.4%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.foreach.string_to_int_adaptive	70.6 ms	68.0 ms	-7.3%	[-10.6%, +9.6%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.foreach.string_to_int_hash	68.2 ms	67.2 ms	-2.3%	[-15.6%, +23.7%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.overwrite.string_to_int_adaptive	97.9 ms	104.4 ms	+9.1%	[+2.9%, +19.7%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.toArray.string_to_int_adaptive	65.0 ms	66.1 ms	-0.3%	[-10.2%, +4.6%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.toArray.string_to_int_hash	55.8 ms	53.8 ms	-2.6%	[-8.0%, +2.6%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.values.string_to_int_adaptive	62.0 ms	63.9 ms	+1.4%	[-2.6%, +7.2%]	~same
adv.optiter.ratio.values.string_to_int_hash	55.6 ms	58.8 ms	+5.9%	[-4.1%, +16.3%]	~same
adv.optiter.toArray.string_to_int_adaptive.default	53.9 ms	53.1 ms	-1.3%	[-1.4%, +11.5%]	~same
adv.optiter.toArray.string_to_int_adaptive.optimized	34.9 ms	35.0 ms	+0.9%	[-1.6%, +4.7%]	~same
adv.optiter.toArray.string_to_int_hash.default	44.0 ms	46.2 ms	+0.2%	[-5.3%, +10.1%]	~same
adv.optiter.toArray.string_to_int_hash.optimized	24.6 ms	24.5 ms	-1.6%	[-6.0%, +7.1%]	~same
adv.optiter.values.string_to_int_adaptive.default	43.4 ms	41.0 ms	-2.6%	[-6.2%, +11.4%]	~same
adv.optiter.values.string_to_int_adaptive.optimized	26.6 ms	26.2 ms	-0.9%	[-2.5%, +9.6%]	~same
adv.optiter.values.string_to_int_hash.default	34.1 ms	31.4 ms	-1.9%	[-13.6%, +2.8%]	~same
adv.optiter.values.string_to_int_hash.optimized	19.0 ms	18.8 ms	+1.8%	[-8.5%, +6.7%]	~same
api.deleteRange.int_to_int	12.1 ms	11.9 ms	-1.3%	[-3.0%, +3.6%]	~same
api.equals.int_to_int	3.2 ms	3.0 ms	-3.8%	[-13.7%, -0.7%]	~same
api.fromArray.int_to_int	7.4 ms	7.4 ms	-0.7%	[-1.7%, +3.4%]	~same
api.getAll.int_to_int	0.28 ms	0.27 ms	-0.4%	[-4.7%, +0.1%]	~same
api.increment.int_to_int	6.9 ms	7.1 ms	+0.1%	[-1.3%, +3.2%]	~same
api.mergeWith.int_to_int	15.4 ms	15.2 ms	-1.4%	[-3.7%, -0.5%]	~same
api.mergeWith.string_to_int	80.2 ms	81.3 ms	+1.5%	[-2.2%, +6.4%]	~same
api.populationCount.int_to_int	0.00 ms	0.00 ms	+0.1%	[+0.1%, +0.1%]	~same
api.putAll.int_to_int	7.5 ms	7.4 ms	-1.3%	[-13.5%, +0.1%]	~same
api.range.keys.int_to_int	0.26 ms	0.26 ms	-2.0%	[-5.5%, +3.9%]	~same
api.range.size.string_to_int	1.4 ms	1.4 ms	-0.4%	[-3.9%, +2.2%]	~same
api.range.size1000.int_to_int	0.45 ms	0.42 ms	-7.1%	[-10.7%, +17.3%]	~same
api.setop.diff.bitset	3.7 ms	3.7 ms	-1.2%	[-4.7%, +0.4%]	~same
api.setop.diff.int_to_int	4.7 ms	4.7 ms	-0.3%	[-5.7%, +6.5%]	~same
api.setop.diff.string_to_int	38.2 ms	39.1 ms	+1.6%	[-4.6%, +6.2%]	~same
api.setop.intersect.bitset	3.7 ms	3.6 ms	-1.3%	[-5.6%, +1.7%]	~same
api.setop.intersect.int_to_int	4.7 ms	4.7 ms	+0.1%	[-8.9%, +5.5%]	~same
api.setop.intersect.string_to_int	44.8 ms	43.6 ms	-0.8%	[-4.2%, +2.8%]	~same
api.setop.union.bitset	8.8 ms	8.8 ms	-0.5%	[-3.5%, +2.9%]	~same
api.setop.union.int_to_int	12.6 ms	12.6 ms	-1.3%	[-3.1%, +8.1%]	~same
api.setop.union.string_to_int	99.6 ms	101.1 ms	+2.2%	[-0.7%, +3.6%]	~same
api.setop.xor.bitset	7.4 ms	7.3 ms	-1.4%	[-3.9%, +5.0%]	~same
api.setop.xor.int_to_int	9.6 ms	9.6 ms	-1.1%	[-1.9%, +4.8%]	~same
api.sumValues.int_to_int	1.9 ms	1.9 ms	-0.7%	[-3.2%, +3.2%]	~same
api.values.int_to_int	3.1 ms	3.1 ms	0.0%	[-4.6%, +1.2%]	~same
core.bitset.free	0.00 ms	0.00 ms	+0.1%	[+0.1%, +40.1%]	~same
core.bitset.iter	4.9 ms	5.0 ms	+0.6%	[-1.4%, +4.7%]	~same
core.bitset.read	3.2 ms	3.2 ms	-1.2%	[-4.5%, +3.7%]	~same
core.bitset.write	5.3 ms	5.4 ms	+1.7%	[+0.4%, +8.1%]	~same
core.int_to_int.free	0.18 ms	0.18 ms	-1.3%	[-2.7%, +1.8%]	~same
core.int_to_int.iter	5.3 ms	5.3 ms	-0.3%	[-0.8%, +4.6%]	~same
core.int_to_int.read	3.5 ms	3.6 ms	+1.7%	[-5.5%, +15.9%]	~same
core.int_to_int.write	7.6 ms	7.8 ms	+3.6%	[-2.5%, +9.2%]	~same
core.int_to_mixed.free	4.3 ms	4.2 ms	-1.9%	[-4.2%, -1.1%]	~same
core.int_to_mixed.iter	5.3 ms	5.5 ms	+4.5%	[-0.3%, +6.9%]	~same
core.int_to_mixed.read	4.2 ms	4.1 ms	-0.2%	[-10.3%, +1.5%]	~same
core.int_to_mixed.write	10.4 ms	10.5 ms	+1.2%	[-3.7%, +6.5%]	~same
core.int_to_packed.free	2.4 ms	2.4 ms	-1.0%	[-2.5%, -0.1%]	~same
core.int_to_packed.iter	10.4 ms	10.4 ms	+1.0%	[-2.9%, +14.0%]	~same
core.int_to_packed.read	8.8 ms	9.0 ms	+1.4%	[-0.1%, +2.6%]	~same
core.int_to_packed.write	13.7 ms	14.0 ms	+2.2%	[-2.3%, +4.4%]	~same
core.string_to_int.free	6.7 ms	6.7 ms	+0.1%	[-1.8%, +2.9%]	~same
core.string_to_int.iter	19.3 ms	19.3 ms	+0.3%	[-8.6%, +5.9%]	~same
core.string_to_int.read	13.5 ms	13.5 ms	-0.2%	[-2.9%, +4.6%]	~same
core.string_to_int.write	29.8 ms	30.7 ms	+2.8%	[-1.9%, +11.5%]	~same
core.string_to_int_adaptive.free	13.6 ms	14.0 ms	+4.4%	[+2.1%, +9.5%]	~same
core.string_to_int_adaptive.iter	24.2 ms	24.2 ms	-0.8%	[-2.4%, +3.8%]	~same
core.string_to_int_adaptive.read	8.4 ms	8.8 ms	+4.0%	[+1.0%, +17.2%]	~same
core.string_to_int_adaptive.write	51.8 ms	52.7 ms	+2.0%	[-0.4%, +5.7%]	~same
core.string_to_int_hash.free	14.4 ms	14.3 ms	-2.2%	[-3.7%, +7.6%]	~same
core.string_to_int_hash.iter	24.6 ms	24.4 ms	-0.5%	[-2.4%, +1.9%]	~same
core.string_to_int_hash.read	8.8 ms	8.9 ms	+0.5%	[-3.8%, +2.8%]	~same
core.string_to_int_hash.write	53.3 ms	52.8 ms	+0.1%	[-2.5%, +3.4%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed.free	22.9 ms	22.9 ms	+0.6%	[-2.8%, +3.3%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed.iter	23.2 ms	22.5 ms	-1.2%	[-4.7%, +1.7%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed.read	15.5 ms	15.5 ms	+0.2%	[-1.8%, +2.2%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed.write	39.5 ms	39.5 ms	+0.5%	[-2.1%, +7.2%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_adaptive.free	46.5 ms	46.6 ms	+1.4%	[-9.7%, +6.6%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_adaptive.iter	32.9 ms	32.2 ms	-3.7%	[-5.7%, -1.2%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_adaptive.read	10.4 ms	10.2 ms	-0.8%	[-19.2%, -0.3%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_adaptive.write	83.7 ms	86.3 ms	+1.5%	[-0.6%, +4.8%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_hash.free	43.3 ms	43.6 ms	+0.2%	[-3.1%, +2.3%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_hash.iter	35.5 ms	35.0 ms	-0.2%	[-4.2%, +0.0%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_hash.read	10.7 ms	10.5 ms	-1.0%	[-16.7%, +4.8%]	~same
core.string_to_mixed_hash.write	76.2 ms	77.1 ms	+1.7%	[-1.6%, +4.6%]	~same

10 benchmarks not evaluated (within-arm scatter exceeded the effect being claimed)

Benchmark	Baseline	Current	Delta	95% CI	Status
adv.map.int_to_int	14.0 ms	13.5 ms	-4.1%	[-38.2%, +3.8%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.foreach.string_to_int_hash.default	35.4 ms	34.7 ms	-2.4%	[-20.1%, +31.8%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.increment.string_to_int_hash.default	30.9 ms	28.4 ms	-0.7%	[-11.9%, +35.9%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.overwrite.string_to_int_adaptive.default	41.2 ms	38.1 ms	-6.0%	[-12.3%, -1.1%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.overwrite.string_to_int_hash.default	32.3 ms	29.1 ms	-9.3%	[-15.9%, +14.2%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.overwrite.string_to_int_hash.optimized	27.3 ms	28.0 ms	+3.0%	[-13.5%, +4.8%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.ratio.increment.string_to_int_hash	93.6 ms	110.6 ms	+0.2%	[-11.6%, +24.6%]	— unstable
adv.optiter.ratio.overwrite.string_to_int_hash	87.7 ms	94.1 ms	+11.4%	[-9.7%, +24.7%]	— unstable
api.keys.int_to_int	3.0 ms	2.9 ms	-2.2%	[-42.1%, +1.8%]	— unstable
api.toArray.int_to_int	7.8 ms	7.9 ms	+1.5%	[-29.3%, +2.7%]	— unstable

Memory Comparison

Memory: 0 regressions, 10 unchanged

Type	Baseline	Current	Delta	Status
Bitset	160 B	160 B	0.0%	~same
Int to Int	160 B	160 B	0.0%	~same
Int to Mixed	4.6 MB	4.6 MB	0.0%	~same
Int to Packed	8.0 MB	8.0 MB	0.0%	~same
String to Int	64.2 KB	64.2 KB	0.0%	~same
String to Int (Adaptive)	64.2 KB	64.2 KB	0.0%	~same
String to Int (Hash)	64.2 KB	64.2 KB	0.0%	~same
String to Mixed	4.6 MB	4.6 MB	0.0%	~same
String to Mixed (Adaptive)	4.6 MB	4.6 MB	0.0%	~same
String to Mixed (Hash)	4.6 MB	4.6 MB	0.0%	~same

Full benchmark output

Linux — PHP 8.6

══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  php-judy Benchmark Suite — 500,000 elements, 7 iterations (median)
  PHP 8.6.0-dev | Judy ext 2.8.0 | Linux x86_64
  Suite: all | Groups: core.int,core.str,api.batch,api.setops,adv.iter,adv.sso
  memory_limit: -1
  Memory: peak RSS of a child process, empty-process floor subtracted, median of 3
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

── Core: Integer-Keyed Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────

  Type                         Write(ms)      Read(ms)      Iter(ms)      Free(ms)        Memory
  ────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  BITSET                           18.08         11.85         18.97          0.01    < 464.0 KB
    PHP array                       7.61          4.22          3.28          0.36        8.0 MB
  INT_TO_INT                       25.13         12.93         19.99          0.83        4.4 MB
    PHP array                       7.37          4.22          3.27          0.38        8.1 MB
  INT_TO_MIXED                     34.82         14.43         21.13         14.58       40.2 MB
    PHP array                      11.54          6.04          4.61          4.49       38.1 MB
  INT_TO_PACKED                    48.21         30.81         38.63          9.06       16.3 MB
    PHP array                      11.17          6.42          4.48          4.84       38.1 MB

── Core: String-Keyed Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────

  Type                         Write(ms)      Read(ms)      Iter(ms)      Free(ms)        Memory
  ────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  STRING_TO_INT                    90.94         37.03         56.60         18.32       10.3 MB
    PHP array                      17.05          7.55          4.92          1.20       38.0 MB
  STRING_TO_MIXED                 116.69         41.15         67.74         65.98       46.2 MB
    PHP array                      21.35          9.99          7.00          7.33       68.0 MB
  STR_TO_INT_HASH                 170.07         25.32         71.17         43.61       31.5 MB
    PHP array                      17.48          7.31          4.91          1.32       38.0 MB
  STR_TO_MIX_HASH                 236.20         27.97         90.73        121.24       67.4 MB
    PHP array                      19.83          9.95          6.78          7.54       68.1 MB
  STR_INT_ADAPTIVE                168.82         25.26         67.86         43.10       31.4 MB
    PHP array                      17.60          7.34          4.91          1.38       38.1 MB
  STR_MIX_ADAPTIVE                254.57         27.84        100.21        128.40       67.4 MB
    PHP array                      20.32          9.80          6.97          7.74       68.0 MB

── API: Batch Operations (INT_TO_INT) ────────────────────────────────────────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  putAll()                               20.00         29.39        1.5x
  fromArray()                            20.05         29.39        1.5x
  toArray()                              23.15         36.36        1.6x
  getAll(50100 keys)                      1.16          2.14        1.9x
  increment(500000 ops/1000 keys)         22.53         10.65        0.5x

── API: Native Methods (keys, values, sum, popCount, deleteRange, equals) ────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  keys() INT_TO_INT                      11.27         25.04        2.2x
  values() INT_TO_INT                    12.57         25.23        2.0x
  keys($lo,$hi) INT_TO_INT                0.92         26.04       28.4x
    vs slice()->keys()                    2.71             -        3.0x
  size($lo,$hi) INT x1000                 0.77             -        O(1)
  size($lo,$hi) STRING_TO_INT             3.80          5.11        1.3x
  sumValues() INT_TO_INT                  7.98         21.14        2.6x
  populationCount() INT_TO_INT            0.00         22.79   321005.9x
  deleteRange() INT_TO_INT mid50%         39.47         55.24        1.4x
  equals() INT_TO_INT                    10.96         48.77        4.4x

── API: Set Operations (BITSET, 50% overlap) ────────────────────────────────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  union() BITSET                         31.73          5.45        0.2x
  intersect() BITSET                     13.89          5.97        0.4x
  diff() BITSET                          13.59          3.36        0.2x
  xor() BITSET                           27.56         11.71        0.4x
  union() INT_TO_INT                     41.75         86.19        2.1x
  intersect() INT_TO_INT                 17.23         42.25        2.5x
  diff() INT_TO_INT                      17.05         44.19        2.6x
  xor() INT_TO_INT                       33.56         89.02        2.7x
  union() STRING_TO_INT                 275.96        313.53        1.1x
  intersect() STRING_TO_INT             117.56        138.58        1.2x
  diff() STRING_TO_INT                  112.85        137.26        1.2x
  mergeWith() INT_TO_INT                 50.05         66.87        1.3x
  mergeWith() STRING_TO_INT             241.04        259.27        1.1x

── Advanced: C-Level forEach/filter/map ──────────────────────────────────────

  Operation                        C-level(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  forEach() INT_TO_INT                   27.11         22.71        0.8x
  forEach() STRING_TO_INT                66.32         59.01        0.9x
  filter() INT_TO_INT (50% pass)         42.80         39.34        0.9x
  filter() STRING_TO_INT (50% pass)        121.29        114.03        0.9x
  map() INT_TO_INT (*2)                  47.93         47.24        1.0x
  map() STRING_TO_INT (*2)              159.39        157.50        1.0x

── Advanced: optimizeIteration trade (opt-in key-index payload mirror) ──────

  Operation                        default(ms)    optim.(ms)   optim./def.
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  foreach() HASH kl16                    55.63         32.82         59.0%
  values() HASH kl16                     48.65         24.60         50.6%
  toArray() HASH kl16                    60.76         32.53         53.5%
  overwrite() HASH kl16                  41.14         41.70        101.4%
  increment() HASH kl16                  38.04         45.12        118.6%
    HASH kl16: honoured?          yes
  foreach() ADAPTIVE kl40                61.28         42.60         69.5%
  values() ADAPTIVE kl40                 55.76         34.72         62.3%
  toArray() ADAPTIVE kl40                70.66         45.15         63.9%
  overwrite() ADAPTIVE kl40              54.70         52.52         96.0%
    ADAPTIVE kl40: honoured?      yes
  skipped — increment() ADAPTIVE kl40: Judy::increment() is only supported for INT_TO_INT, STRING_TO_INT and STRING_TO_INT_HASH types

  Ratios are optimized as a percentage of default, measured inside this
  build; below 100 is the traversal win, above 100 the write price. Lower
  is better on every row, so a lost win reads as a rise.

── Advanced: Adaptive SSO — short keys (<8 bytes) via JudyL ─────────────────

  Operation                   STR_TO_INT    STR_INT_HASH   STR_INT_ADPTV    Best ratio
  ──────────────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ────────────
  insert (short keys)          73.48 ms      128.65 ms      126.53 ms       1.8x
  read (random access)         22.76 ms       26.96 ms       17.32 ms       1.6x
  foreach (iterate all)        49.89 ms      105.65 ms       87.62 ms       2.1x

── Advanced: Adaptive SSO — long keys (>=8 bytes) fallback to JudyHS ────────

  Operation                   STR_TO_INT    STR_INT_HASH   STR_INT_ADPTV    Best ratio
  ──────────────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ────────────
  insert (long keys)          127.99 ms      213.41 ms      212.16 ms       1.7x
  read (random access)         45.36 ms       54.26 ms       40.22 ms       1.3x
  foreach (iterate all)        86.51 ms       96.25 ms       96.33 ms       1.1x

══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  Benchmark complete — 2026-10-08 23:31:48
  All timings: median of 7 iterations via hrtime(true), 1 warmup run
  Memory: peak RSS of a child process building one structure of 500,000 elements,
          minus an empty-process floor. Measured with getrusage(), not
          memory_get_usage(), for the reason above. Judy's memory advantage is
          scale- and type-dependent — see BENCHMARK.md for the curve.
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  JSON results written to: bench.json

Windows — PHP 8.6

══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  php-judy Benchmark Suite — 500,000 elements, 7 iterations (median)
  PHP 8.6.0RC3 | Judy ext 2.8.0 | WINNT AMD64
  Suite: all | Groups: core.int,core.str,api.batch,api.setops,adv.iter,adv.sso
  memory_limit: 4G
  Memory: peak RSS of a child process, empty-process floor subtracted, median of 3
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

── Core: Integer-Keyed Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────

  Type                         Write(ms)      Read(ms)      Iter(ms)      Free(ms)        Memory
  ────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  BITSET                           23.26         16.67         24.10          0.01    < 104.0 KB
    PHP array                      12.90          8.17          7.21          0.53        9.2 MB
  INT_TO_INT                       37.73         17.18         24.30          0.85        4.5 MB
    PHP array                      12.84          8.30          7.21          0.54        9.2 MB
  INT_TO_MIXED                     52.37         18.32         24.65         20.95       42.5 MB
    PHP array                      16.39          9.49          7.30          6.30       38.2 MB
  INT_TO_PACKED                    69.74         46.85         53.02         14.23       17.2 MB
    PHP array                      16.14          9.44          7.03          4.56       38.2 MB

── Core: String-Keyed Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────

  Type                         Write(ms)      Read(ms)      Iter(ms)      Free(ms)        Memory
  ────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  STRING_TO_INT                   143.21         59.30         76.74         30.71       10.5 MB
    PHP array                      25.54         11.93          7.68          1.93       37.9 MB
  STRING_TO_MIXED                 192.16         59.70         88.92         98.49       48.7 MB
    PHP array                      28.34         13.69          8.88          7.93       68.9 MB
  STR_TO_INT_HASH                 264.53         47.96        111.93         63.40       32.2 MB
    PHP array                      24.93         11.68          8.14          1.89       37.9 MB
  STR_TO_MIX_HASH                 364.63         48.38        135.51        184.77       70.4 MB
    PHP array                      28.09         13.26          8.92          7.86       69.0 MB
  STR_INT_ADAPTIVE                253.39         45.02        111.00         62.21       32.3 MB
    PHP array                      24.78         11.73          8.15          1.99       37.9 MB
  STR_MIX_ADAPTIVE                375.14         45.96        138.43        196.53       70.4 MB
    PHP array                      28.20         13.22          9.26          7.91       68.9 MB

── API: Batch Operations (INT_TO_INT) ────────────────────────────────────────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  putAll()                               32.99         46.62        1.4x
  fromArray()                            32.95         46.62        1.4x
  toArray()                              27.91         46.26        1.7x
  getAll(50100 keys)                      1.65          3.02        1.8x
  increment(500000 ops/1000 keys)         33.35         23.84        0.7x

── API: Native Methods (keys, values, sum, popCount, deleteRange, equals) ────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  keys() INT_TO_INT                      12.82         30.85        2.4x
  values() INT_TO_INT                    12.93         30.61        2.4x
  keys($lo,$hi) INT_TO_INT                0.99         32.29       32.5x
    vs slice()->keys()                    3.58             -        3.6x
  size($lo,$hi) INT x1000                 0.68             -        O(1)
  size($lo,$hi) STRING_TO_INT             5.41          7.04        1.3x
  sumValues() INT_TO_INT                  7.10         26.49        3.7x
  populationCount() INT_TO_INT            0.00         27.42   274179.0x
  deleteRange() INT_TO_INT mid50%         58.54         83.34        1.4x
  equals() INT_TO_INT                    11.25         61.67        5.5x

── API: Set Operations (BITSET, 50% overlap) ────────────────────────────────

  Operation                           Judy(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  union() BITSET                         38.47          8.96        0.2x
  intersect() BITSET                     18.51          7.68        0.4x
  diff() BITSET                          18.38          4.46        0.2x
  xor() BITSET                           33.30         17.30        0.5x
  union() INT_TO_INT                     57.26        116.48        2.0x
  intersect() INT_TO_INT                 21.21         56.12        2.6x
  diff() INT_TO_INT                      20.69         58.77        2.8x
  xor() INT_TO_INT                       42.73        116.29        2.7x
  union() STRING_TO_INT                 395.73        448.75        1.1x
  intersect() STRING_TO_INT             173.24        212.49        1.2x
  diff() STRING_TO_INT                  158.35        196.31        1.2x
  mergeWith() INT_TO_INT                 70.33         93.72        1.3x
  mergeWith() STRING_TO_INT             343.44        374.11        1.1x

── Advanced: C-Level forEach/filter/map ──────────────────────────────────────

  Operation                        C-level(ms)       PHP(ms)     Speedup
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ──────────
  forEach() INT_TO_INT                   31.49         29.17        0.9x
  forEach() STRING_TO_INT                85.57         84.55        1.0x
  filter() INT_TO_INT (50% pass)         49.62         49.46        1.0x
  filter() STRING_TO_INT (50% pass)        165.89        157.31        0.9x
  map() INT_TO_INT (*2)                  57.91         59.62        1.0x
  map() STRING_TO_INT (*2)              232.27        225.40        1.0x

── Advanced: optimizeIteration trade (opt-in key-index payload mirror) ──────

  Operation                        default(ms)    optim.(ms)   optim./def.
  ──────────────────────────────  ────────────  ────────────  ────────────
  foreach() HASH kl16                    84.62         60.51         71.5%
  values() HASH kl16                     73.81         45.96         62.3%
  toArray() HASH kl16                    82.78         57.89         69.9%
  overwrite() HASH kl16                  55.82         67.04        120.1%
  increment() HASH kl16                  60.02         63.36        105.6%
    HASH kl16: honoured?          yes
  foreach() ADAPTIVE kl40                97.31         52.58         54.0%
  values() ADAPTIVE kl40                 86.52         39.96         46.2%
  toArray() ADAPTIVE kl40               109.93         60.50         55.0%
  overwrite() ADAPTIVE kl40              71.45         82.48        115.4%
    ADAPTIVE kl40: honoured?      yes
  skipped — increment() ADAPTIVE kl40: Judy::increment() is only supported for INT_TO_INT, STRING_TO_INT and STRING_TO_INT_HASH types

  Ratios are optimized as a percentage of default, measured inside this
  build; below 100 is the traversal win, above 100 the write price. Lower
  is better on every row, so a lost win reads as a rise.

── Advanced: Adaptive SSO — short keys (<8 bytes) via JudyL ─────────────────

  Operation                   STR_TO_INT    STR_INT_HASH   STR_INT_ADPTV    Best ratio
  ──────────────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ────────────
  insert (short keys)         106.66 ms      192.36 ms      172.10 ms       1.8x
  read (random access)         27.44 ms       26.18 ms       24.27 ms       1.1x
  foreach (iterate all)        65.75 ms      131.14 ms      126.16 ms       2.0x

── Advanced: Adaptive SSO — long keys (>=8 bytes) fallback to JudyHS ────────

  Operation                   STR_TO_INT    STR_INT_HASH   STR_INT_ADPTV    Best ratio
  ──────────────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ──────────────  ────────────
  insert (long keys)          193.56 ms      336.87 ms      331.95 ms       1.7x
  read (random access)         55.55 ms       49.33 ms       52.11 ms       1.1x
  foreach (iterate all)       123.26 ms      181.36 ms      179.85 ms       1.5x

══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
  Benchmark complete — 2026-10-08 23:34:05
  All timings: median of 7 iterations via hrtime(true), 1 warmup run
  Memory: peak RSS of a child process building one structure of 500,000 elements,
          minus an empty-process floor. Measured with getrusage(), not
          memory_get_usage(), for the reason above. Judy's memory advantage is
          scale- and type-dependent — see BENCHMARK.md for the curve.
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

  JSON results written to: bench.json

orieg merged commit f0e4dea into main Oct 8, 2026
39 checks passed

orieg deleted the release/2.8.0 branch October 8, 2026 23:37

orieg mentioned this pull request Oct 9, 2026

docs: bump release stamps to 2.8.0 #227

Merged

Navigation Menu

Repository navigation

release: 2.8.0 - #226

release: 2.8.0#226
orieg merged 1 commit into
mainfrom
release/2.8.0

orieg commented Oct 8, 2026

Uh oh!

github-actions Bot commented Oct 8, 2026

Uh oh!

github-actions Bot commented Oct 8, 2026

Core Types (Linux, PHP 8.6) — All

Core Types — Linux

API — Linux

Core Types — Windows

API — Windows

Memory (Windows, PHP 8.6)

API Speedups (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6) — All

Linux — PHP 8.6

Windows — PHP 8.6

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

1 participant

Conversation

orieg commented Oct 8, 2026

Summary

What 2.8.0 ships (unreleased since v2.7.1)

Release-ceremony checklist

Uh oh!

github-actions Bot commented Oct 8, 2026

discipline: passed

Uh oh!

github-actions Bot commented Oct 8, 2026

Test Results

Benchmark Results

Run Status

Memory (Linux, PHP 8.6)

API Speedups (Linux, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Linux, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Linux, PHP 8.6) — All

Core Types — Linux

API — Linux

Core Types — Windows

API — Windows

Memory (Windows, PHP 8.6)

API Speedups (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6)

Core Types (Windows, PHP 8.6) — All

Release Comparison (2.6.0 → 2.8.0)

Memory Comparison

Linux — PHP 8.6

Windows — PHP 8.6

Uh oh!

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

1 participant