feat(cache): add budgeted leases for resident entries

[BubbleCal]

Resident columns now use Arc ownership, a Weak registry and ordinary cache admission in #9835. The active stack no longer depends on this pin/lease implementation.

Historical description

Add CachePin/CacheLease and per-shard pin budgets so live owners can retain resident cache entries within a bounded budget. Include single-flight admission, replacement accounting, lease lifetime, and overflow coverage.

Lease ownership is shared by the value, while each live cache admission owns its budget reservation and eviction flag. Reusing a value under multiple keys or in multiple backends cannot transfer or reuse another admission's charge. Ending an admission releases only its reservation; replacements can reserve the freed capacity in the same budget partition. Public signatures are unchanged.

Dependencies

Uses the cache capabilities from merged #9829. Standalone benchmark/POC tools remain excluded.

Validation

On macOS arm64 with the repository's Rust 1.98.1 toolchain:

• Before the fix, all four alias/multiple-backend regression cases failed in the Quick and strict priority tiers: 1,264 resident bytes in a 1,000-byte cache.
• cargo test --locked -p lance-core --lib cache::: 130 passed, including per-admission accounting, release order, shard isolation, replacement, and concurrent admissions.
• cargo fmt --all -- --check and cargo clippy --all --tests --benches -- -D warnings passed.

No new performance measurement is claimed. CI is not awaited.

Tracking

OSS-2558

[claude]

Claude Code Review

This repository is configured for manual code reviews. Comment @claude review for a one-time review, or @claude review always to subscribe this PR to a review on every future push.

_{Tip: disable this comment in your organization's Code Review settings.}

[lance-gatekeeper]

✅ Gate recommendation: approve.

The earlier capacity bypass is fixed: lease ownership remains shared, while each admission retains its own budget reservation and eviction flag. Both original capacity reproducers and all 130 cache tests pass.